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μ1’ 1 ....................................................................................................................... 1.1 << ?μ 1 ............................................................................................................... 1.2 << ?? 2 ........................................................................................................... 1.3 <<>>Linux?˙ 4 ................................................................................................... 1.4 <<>>Linuxo(TM)￠ 5 ........................................................................................... 1.5 <<>>Linux?μOo(TM) 7 ....................................................................................................................... μ2’ ARM￥P? 8 ............................................................................................................. 2.1 ARM￥P?ì 8 ...................................................................................................... 2.1.1 ARM′àae 9 ........................................................................................ 2.1.2 ARM￥P?ì?· 10 ........................................................................................ 2.1.3 Linux”ARM￥P? 12 ................................................................................................................... 2.2 ARM÷￡ 13 ............................................................................ 2.2.1 ARM?￠￥Pμ÷o 13 ............................................................................................ 2.2.2 ARM÷￡ó 15 ................................................................................................. 2.2.3 Thumb ÷￡ó 17 .................................................................................................. 2.3 μ‰ARM￥Poú 17 ............................................................................................ 2.3.1 Atmel AT91RM9200 17 ............................................................................................... 2.3.2 Samsung S3C2410 18 ................................................................................... 2.3.3 TI OMAP1510/1610?μ 19 ................................................................................................ 2.3.4 Freescale i.Max21 22 ......................................................................................... 2.3.5 Intel Xscale PXA?μ 23 .................................................................................................... 2.4 >>?S3C2410o(TM) 24 ................................................................................. 2.4.1 >>?S3C2410o(TM)è 24 .......................................................................................... 2.4.2 ÷μ?o(C)” 26 ................................................................................................................ μ3’ Linux ±+a 28 ARM (R) <<>>I ?μooo?°°a? 2 .............................................................................................................. 3.1 Linux￡” 28 ............................................................................................................ 3.1.1 Shelloú 28 .................................................................................................... 3.1.2 ￡Shell? 30 .................................................................................................... 3.1.3 ±+Shell 38 .......................................................................................................... 3.1.4 ’‘±ì￥ 42 .......................................................................................................... 3.1.5 –±+o 44 .......................................................................................................................... 3.2 Makefile 48 ........................................................................................................... 3.2.1 GNU make 48 .............................................................................................. 3.2.2 Makefileê‘ú 49 .............................................................................. 3.2.3 Makefile??o?÷–±‰ 51 ................................................................................................. 3.3 ?÷￥˙-|aeμ? 52 ....................................................................................... 3.3.1 GNU Binutils§aefl 52 ........................................................................................ 3.3.2 Binutils§aefl>>ì 54 ....................................................................................................... 3.4 ±+“GCCμ? 54 ................................................................................................. 3.4.1 GCC±“? 54 ............................................................................................. 3.4.2 GCC±“—°?ó 56 .............................................................................................. 3.5 μ? GDBμ ” 60 ................................................................................................ 3.5.1 GDBμ?è 60 .................................................................................................... 3.5.2 GDBμ?? 61 .................................................................................................................. 3.6 Linux±+ 66 ............................................................................................... 3.6.1 Linux±+Ao 66 ................................................................................................... 3.6.2 Linux?μO 67 ....................................................................................................... 3.6.3 Linux?fl 70 .................................................................................................................. μ4’ êoa 73 ......................................................................................................... 4.1 ao￠aè 73 .............................................................................................. 4.1.1 o(TM)??￡ 73 .................................................................................. 4.1.2 ?±A”a÷AEo￡¨ 75 .............................................................................................................. 4.1.3 ?o￥′ 76 ...................................................................................................... 4.1.4 O-|??o? 77 ......................................................................................................... 4.2 걧 78 .......................................................................................... 4.2.1 a>>a§ae 78 .................................................................................................. 4.2.2 ÷aaefl 79 ......................................................................................................... 4.3 ÷?o￠a‰ 80 ...................................................................................................... 4.3.1 ÷aaae÷ 80 .................................................................................................. 4.3.2 ￥ooy÷§ 81 .......................................................................................................... 4.3.3 DHCP? 84 ........................................................................................................... 4.3.4 TFTP? 85 ............................................................................................................. 4.3.5 NFS? 86 1 3(R) μ ’ ?o ..................................................................................................................... 4.4 ù?±í 88 ...................................................................................................... 4.4.1 ?μ“?μ 88 ...................................................................................................... 4.4.2 ?/— 89 .................................................................................................. 4.4.3 ???μ 90 ............................................................................................. 4.5 ”P–úμaê 91 .................................................................................................. 4.5.1 μ? ?￡ 91 .............................................................................................. 4.5.2 μ? ‘ μ 92 .............................................................................................................. μ5’ êoaefl 94 ..................................................................................................................... 5.1 §￡>>ì 94 ...................................................................................................... 5.1.1 ?+>>ìo? 94 .................................................................................................. 5.1.2 >>ì±ae 95 .................................................................................................. 5.1.3 aefl÷ 97 ............................................................................................................. 5.2 ÷ê±+ 98 ...................................................................................................... 5.2.1 o±+“I 98 ......................................................................................................... 5.2.2 ±+binutils 99 .................................................................................. 5.2.3 ±+GCCμ(R)±+“ 100 .............................................................................................. 5.2.4 ±+…˙glibco 101 .......................................................................... 5.2.5 ±+…˙…μGCC±“I 105 ........................................................................................................... 5.3 ÷êμ? 106 ................................................................................................ 5.3.1 ±“a ‘ 106 ................................................................................................... 5.3.2 ±+gdbserver 106 ...................................................................................................................... μ6’ Bootloader 108 ..................................................................................................................... 6.1 Bootloader 108 ................................................................................................. 6.1.1 Bootloader è 108 ............................................................................................. 6.1.2 Bootloader μù 109 .............................................................................................. 6.1.3 Bootloader μ÷÷ 111 ................................................................................................................... 6.2 U-Boot±+ 113 ................................................................................................ 6.2.1 U-Boot§A 113 ................................................................................................ 6.2.2 U-Boot‘￥· 113 .................................................................................................... 6.2.3 U-Bootμ?± 114 .................................................................................................... 6.2.4 U-Bootμ“ 117 ............................................................................................... 6.2.5 AìU-Boot? 118 .............................................................................................................. 6.3 U-Bootμ?μ 121 ........................................................................................................ 6.3.1 ”oμ? 121 ............................................................................................................ 6.3.2 >>ì˙ 121 ............................................................................................... 6.3.3 U-Bootù 123 ....................................................................................... 6.3.4 U-Boot”?/μ? 128 ARM (R) <<>>I ?μooo?°°a? 4 .................................................................................................................. 6.4 U-Boot 133 ........................................................................................ 6.4.1 …–U-BootμFlash 134 ........................................................................................... 6.4.2 U-Bootμ?￡” 134 ........................................................................................... 6.4.3 U-Bootμ?aae 141 ................................................................................................................ μ7’ ÷±?/ 143 ............................................................................................................ 7.1 Linux?/à 143 ......................................................................................... 7.1.1 Linux?/±ae 143 ................................................................................................. 7.1.2 Linux?/à 143 ....................................................................................... 7.1.3 Linux 2.6 ?/à– 144 ....................................................................................................... 7.2 ‰±“I?‘￥ 147 .................................................................................................... 7.2.1 ?‘￥· 148 .................................................................................................... 7.2.2 ?/÷?μ 150 ................................................................................................. 7.2.3 Kbuild Makefile 157 ............................................................................................................ 7.2.4 ?/±+ 169 .................................................................................................... 7.2.5 ?/±+“ 179 ............................................................................................................... 7.3 ?/÷— 180 .................................................................................................... 7.3.1 ”÷ 180 .................................................................................................... 7.3.2 a±ae÷—° 181 ............................................................................................ 7.3.3 <<?A–÷—° 183 ................................................................................................................ μ8’ ?à“<< 185 ............................................................................................................... 8.1 “?à‘ 185 ............................................................................................ 8.1.1 “÷μo 185 ................................................................................................ 8.1.2 o￠?/“ 186 .................................................................................................... 8.1.3 “÷μ? 194 ............................................................................................ 8.2 Linux?/àùO 194 ................................................................................ 8.2.1 ?ù‘￥￥˙? 194 ................................................................................................ 8.2.2 ?‘“A 195 ............................................................................................ 8.2.3 ?/vmlinux>>I 199 ............................................................................................. 8.2.4 Linux?μ? 201 ................................................................................................ 8.2.5 ???μ 206 ................................................................................................ 8.2.6 aO…<<? 208 ..................................................................................... 8.2.7 ù”aSoinit 209 ................................................................................................................ μ9’ ?àμoo 212 ............................................................................................................... 9.1 ?/μ ‘ 212 .................................................................................................... 9.1.1 ?/μ? ‘ 212 ........................................................................................ 9.1.2 —a·??àA 213 1 5(R) μ ’ ?o .................................................................................................... 9.1.3 μ (R) 213 ............................................................................................................... 9.2 ?/￥”° 216 .................................................................... 9.2.1 ?”—μ￥AE ^ 216 ........................................................................................ 9.2.2 ?￥ì?êA 218 .................................................................................................... 9.2.3 ?￥ú”° 220 ............................................................................................................... 9.3 aò?à? 227 ........................................................................................................ 9.3.1 ?μ<<I<< 227 ................................................................................................... 9.3.2 O(R)/proco 228 ..................................................................................................... 9.3.3 O(R)/syso 229 ................................................................................................... 9.3.4 O(R)ioctl 232 ............................................................................................................... 9.4 ￥P^–? 233 ........................................................................................................... 9.4.1 oops– 233 ................................................................................................................... 9.4.2 panic 234 ............................................................................................................... 9.5 ?/‘-|Iμ 236 .................................................................................... 9.5.1 KGDBμ??/￥˙ 236 ................................................................................ 9.5.2 BDI2000μ??/‘￥˙ 237 ............................................................................................... 242 μ10’ ÷Linux???μ ................................................................................................. 10.1 ?o?μ?o· 242 ................................................................................................. 10.1.1 FHS?-|· 243 .................................................................................................. 10.1.2 ??￥êê 246 ............................................................................................................. 10.2 Aì?μ?o 247 .............................................................................................. 10.2.1 Ao￡” 247 .................................................................................................. 10.2.2 Ao?/?o 249 .................................................................................................. 10.2.3 Ao…E?? 251 .................................................................................................. 10.3 init?μ? ? 253 ....................................................................................................... 10.3.1 inittab ?? 253 ................................................................................... 10.3.2 System V initù 256 ............................................................................ 10.3.3 Busybox initù? 258 ............................................................................................................. 10.4 ÷?o?? 260 .................................................................................................. 10.4.1 (R)”P” 260 .................................................................................. 10.4.2 ÷”P”‘O 260 ...................................................................................................... μ11’ ÷?o‘￥>> 262 ................................................................................................. 11.1 o‘￥-|Iè 262 ................................................................................... 11.1.1 Linux?μo‘>>ì 263 .............................................................................................. 11.1.2 o‘>>o?Ay 264 .............................................................................................................. 11.2 Busybox 265 ........................................................................................... 11.2.1 Busybox§A 265 ARM (R) <<>>I ?μooo?°°a? 6 ........................................................................................... 11.2.2 ÷±+Busybox 265 ............................................................................................................. 11.3 X11Oo?μ 270 .............................................................................................. 11.3.1 X Windowsè 270 ..................................................................................................... 11.3.2 Tiny-X è 270 ..................................................................................................... 11.3.3 GTK Ooo 271 .................................................................................................................... 11.4 QtOoo 277 ............................................................................................................. 11.4.1 Qtè 277 ........................................................................................... 11.4.2 Qt/Embeddedè 278 ........................................................................................... 11.4.3 Qt/Embeddedo 280 ........................................................................... 11.4.4 Qt/Embedded>>ì”I 281 ..................................................................................................... 11.5 MiniGUIOo?μ 283 .................................................................................. 11.5.1 MiniGUIOo?μO 283 .................................................................................................. 11.5.2 MiniGUI“ 285 ........................................................................................... 11.6 MicroWindowsOo?μ 290 .................................................................................................. 11.7 Linux?μOˉ”P 292 ...................................................................................... 11.7.1 <<>> …EμOˉa 292 ............................................................................................. 11.7.2 TCP/IP– 292 .................................................................................. 11.7.3 Linux?μSocket±+ 294 ......................................................................................... 11.8 <<>>Linuxμ￥AE–– 304 ....................................................................................... 11.8.1 Linux?μ￥AE 304 ....................................................................................... 11.8.2 Linux￥AE±+ μ 309 .............................................................................................................. μ12’ ?Oo, 314 ............................................................................................................. 12.1 ?μO… 314 .......................................................................................... 12.1.1 ?O 314 .......................................................................................... 12.1.2 ?O “<< 315 ............................................................................................................. 12.2 ?μ˙§ 315 ...................................................................................... 12.2.1 ? ￥–˙§ 315 ................................................................................................................ 12.2.2 Strace 316 ............................................................................................................... 12.2.3 Ltrace 316 ................................................................................................................... 12.2.4 LTT 317 ..................................................................................................... 12.3 ?μ–?<§ 321 .................................................................................................. 12.3.1 ￥˙–S-|￡ 321 ................................................................................................................... 12.3.2 LTP 324 .......................................................................................................... 12.3.3 LMbench 325 ............................................................................................................. 12.4 ,?￥ê– 326 ............................................................................................................... 12.4.1 mtrace 326 ............................................................................................................. 12.4.2 dmalloc 327 ........................................................................................................ 12.4.3 memwatch 328 1 7(R) μ ’ ?o .............................................................................................................. 12.4.4 YAMD 330 ........................................................................................................... μ13’ oLinux?μ 333 ................................................................................................. 13.1 oLinux?μ 333 .......................................................................... 13.1.1 oLinux?μOa±￡ 333 .......................................................................... 13.1.2 oLinux?μOy? 334 ............................................................................................................. 13.2 ?o?μ?– 335 ..................................................................................................... 13.2.1 EXT2/EXT3 335 .................................................................................................................... 13.2.2 JFS 337 ............................................................................................................... 13.2.3 cramfs 339 ...................................................................................................... 13.2.4 JFFS/JFFS2 340 .............................................................................................................. 13.2.5 YAFFS 341 ..................................................................................................................... 13.3 ￥ê…E 343 ................................................................................................ 13.3.1 MTD ?–…E 343 .................................................................................................. 13.3.2 ￥?–…E 344 ......................................................................................................... 13.4 oLinux?μ 346 ............................................................................................... 13.4.1 MTD § 346 .......................................................................................... 13.4.2 ￥?o?μ 347 ..................................................................................... 13.4.3 RAMDISK …E 348 ............................................................... 13.4.4 MTD …EJFFS2??o? 349 .............................................................................................. 13.4.5 ?μù…? 351 ...................................................................................................... μ14’ ?O…o￠ 352 ..................................................................................................................... 14.1 –E÷ 352 ............................................................................................................. 14.2 ?μ”o…E 354 ............................................................................................................. 14.3 ?μ>>ì…E 364 ......................................................................................................... 14.4 ?μO…o 366

USB是一种协议总线，即主机与设备之间的通信需要遵循一系列约定。协议内容较多，这里仅作一些简单介绍，深入学习，可参看USB规范(WWW．usb．org)。 为了理解协议中的名称，先看图10．32。该图突出了主机上的客户软件和USB逻辑设备(编程涉及的设备)之间的通信流(Communication Flow)，该通信流跨越了USB驱动程序USBD、主控制器驱动程序UHCD、主控制器等硬件接口及其连接。端点(Endpoints)是USB设备的惟一可识别的部分，是主机和设备之间通信流的终点。每一个逻辑设备有若干个独立端点，每一个端点在设计时被分配一个惟一的由设备确定的标识符，称之为端点号。 如图10．32所示，将用于通信流流动的通道称为管道(Pipe)，这是忽略了许多中间环节的很形象的称呼，对于理解USB系统中的信息传输很有帮助。图中把3个端点看成了一个接口，关于接口的说明安排在后面

Android应用程序开发宝典.pdf,介绍环境的搭建

华为经典pcb教程1 适用范围 2 引用标准 3 术语 4 目的 4.1 提供必须遵循的规则和约定 4.2 提高PCB设计质量和设计效率 5 设计任务受理 5.1 PCB设计申请流程 5.2 理解设计要求并制定设计计划 6 设计过程

LwIP 是 TCP/IP 协议栈的一个实现。它的目的是减少内存使用率和代码大小，使 LwIP 适 用于资源受限系统比如嵌入式系统。为了减少处理和内存需求，LwIP 使用不需要任何数据 复制的经过裁剪的 API。 本文描述了 LwIP 的设计与实现。描述了在协议栈实现中以及像内存与缓冲管理这样的 子系统中使用的算法和数据结构。本文还包括 LwIP 的参考手册以及使用 LwIP 的代码例子。

基本功能，应用接口，各种业务下的功耗，外部接口器件等

电磁兼容培训教材4章，powerPoint格式

开关电源设计参考原理说明 开关电源设计参考原理说明

《华为GTM900 无线模块产品描述手册》介绍了GTM900 的产品规格、接口信号、 接口使用、工作流程等，本手册包括七章： 第1 章GTM900 总体介绍：从整体上对GTM900 进行了介绍，包括产品 定位、产品规格、功能特点、应用场合等。 第2 章接口信号说明：介绍GTM900 的接口，包括信号连接器接口、天 线接口。 第3 章接口电气特性:介绍GTM900 接口的电气特性，包括极限应用条 件、推荐应用条件、电源特性。 第4 章接口使用:介绍GTM900 各个接口的使用方法，包括UART 接口、 SIM 卡接口、RTC Backup 接口、Audio 接口、LPG 接口。 第5 章开关机流程说明：介绍GTM900 的开/关机流程。 第6 章结构与安装。 第7 章缩略语。

stm32硬件设计手册统构架 主系统由以下部分构成： 四个驱动单元： ─ Cortex-M3内核ICode总线(I-bus)，DCode总线(D-bus)，和系统总线(S-bus) ─ GP-DMA(通用DMA) 三个被动单元 ─ 内部SRAM ─ 内部闪存存储器 ─ AHB到APB的桥(AHB2APBx)，它连接所有的APB设备 这些都是通过一个多级的AHB总线构架相互连接的，如下图所示： 图1 系统结构 ICode