G711音频解码播放器
能播放Windows本地的G711文件,经过长期测试OK,已经移植到我的大项目中,也表现良好,相关链接http://blog.csdn.net/cffishappy/article/details/7055970,另外,告诉大家如果用流buf的方式,移植该项目时,在接收网络数据来替代本项目的本地文件播放时,要注意搞个缓冲buf,这样就相当于本地了,缓冲buf不要太大,不然延时就严重,丢帧影响不大,超过缓冲buf个数的直接丢得了,我开始在这里花了不少时间,引以为鉴
MySql详细帮助文档
0 译者序
1 MySQL的一般的信息
1.1 什么是MySQL?
1.2 关于本手册
1.2.1 本手册中使用的约定
1.3 MySQL的历史
1.4 MySQL的主要特征
1.5 MySQL稳定性?
1.6 顺应2000年
1.7 SQL一般信息和教程
1.8 有用的MySQL相关链接
2 MySQL 邮件列表及如何提问或报告错误
2.1 MySQL邮件列表
2.2 提问或报告错误
2.3 怎样报告错误或问题
2.4 在邮件列表上回答问题的指南
3 MySQL的许可证和技术支持
3.1 MySQL的许可证政策
3.2 MySQL 使用的版权
3.2.1 可能的未来版权改变
3.3 MySQL商业性分发
3.4 许可证实例
3.4.1 销售使用 MySQL的产品
3.4.2 销售MySQL相关的服务
3.4.3 ISP MySQL服务
3.4.4 运营一个使用MySQL的Web服务器
3.5 MySQL的许可证和技术支持费用
3.5.1 付款信息
3.5.2 联系信息
3.6 商业性支持的类型
3.6.1 基本的电子邮件支持
3.6.2 扩展的电子邮件支持
3.6.3 登录支持
3.6.4 扩展的登录支持
4 安装 MySQL
4.1 怎样获得MySQL
4.2 MySQL支持的操作系统
4.3 使用MySQL哪个版本
4.4 怎样和何时发布更新版本
4.5 安装布局
4.6 安装MySQL二进制代码分发
4.6.1 Linux RPM注意事项
4.6.2 构造客户程序
4.6.3 系统特定的问题
4.6.3.1 Linux 注意事项
4.6.3.2 HP-UX 注意事项
4.7 安装 MySQL源代码分发
4.7.1 快速安装概述
4.7.2 运用补丁
4.7.3 典型的configure选项
4.8 编译问题?
4.9 MIT-pthreads 注意事项
4.10 Perl 安装说明
4.10.1 在Unix操作系统上安装 Perl
4.10.2 在 Win32上安装 ActiveState Perl
4.10.3 在 Win32 上安装 MySQL Perl 分发
4.10.4 使用 Perl DBI/DBD接口遇到的问题
4.11 系统特定的问题
4.11.1 Solaris注意事项
4.11.2 Solaris 2.7 注意事项
4.11.3 Solaris x86 注意事项
4.11.4 SunOS 4 注意事项
4.11.5 Linux (所有的Linux版本)注意事项
4.11.5.1 Linux-x86 注意事项
4.11.5.2 RedHat 5.0 注意事项
4.11.5.3 RedHat 5.1 注意事项
4.11.5.4 Linux-SPARC 注意事项
4.11.5.5 Linux-Alpha 注意事项
4.11.5.6 MkLinux 注意事项
4.11.5.7 Qube2 Linux 注意事项
4.11.6 Alpha-DEC-Unix 注意事项
4.11.7 Alpha-DEC-OSF1 注意事项
4.11.8 SGI-Irix 注意事项
4.11.9 FreeBSD 注意事项
4.11.10 NetBSD 注意事项
4.11.11 BSD/OS 注意事项
4.11.11.1 BSD/OS 2.x 注意事项
4.11.11.2 BSD/OS 3.x 注意事项
4.11.11.3 BSD/OS 4.x 注意事项
4.11.12 SCO 注意事项
4.11.13 SCO Unixware 7.0 注意事项
4.11.14 IBM-AIX 注意事项
4.11.15 HP-UX 注意事项
4.12 Win32 注意事项
4.12.1 在 Win32 上安装 MySQL
4.12.2 在 Win95 /Win98上启动 MySQL
4.12.3 在 NT 上启动 MySQL
4.12.4 在 Win32 上运行 MySQL
4.12.5 用 SSH 从 Win32 连接一个远程MySQL
4.12.6 MySQL-Win32与Unix MySQL 比较
4.13 OS/2 注意事项
4.14 TcX 二进制代码
4.15 安装后期(post-installation)的设置与测试
4.15.1 运行mysql_install_db 的问题
4.15.2 启动 MySQL 服务器的问题
4.15.3 自动启动和停止 MySQL
4.15.4 选项文件
4.16 升级和降级(downgrading)时有什么特别要做的事情吗?
4.16.1 从一个 3.22 版本升级到 3.23
4.16.2 从一个 3.21 版本升级到 3.22
4.16.3 从一个 3.20 版本升级到 3.21
4.16.4 升级到其他的体系结构
5 MySQL 与标准的兼容性?
5.1 MySQL对ANSI SQL92 的扩充
5.2 以ANSI模式运行 MySQL
5.3 MySQL相比ANSI SQL92的差别
5.4 MySQL 缺乏的功能
5.4.1 子选择(Sub-selects)
5.4.2 SELECT INTO TABLE
5.4.3 事务(Transactions)
5.4.4 存储过程和触发器
5.4.5 外键(Foreign Keys)
5.4.5.1 不使用外键的理由
5.4.6 视图(Views)
5.4.7 '--'作为一个 注解的开始
5.5 MySQL 遵循什么标准?
5.6 怎样处理没有提交/回卷(COMMIT / ROLLBACK)
6 MySQL 存取权限系统
6.1 权限系统做什么
6.2 MySQL用户名和口令
6.3 与MySQL服务器连接
6.4 使你的口令安全
6.5 MySQL 提供的权限
6.6 权限系统工作原理
6.7 存取控制,阶段1:连接证实
6.8 存取控制,阶段2:请求证实
6.9 权限更改何时生效
6.10 建立初始的 MySQL权限
6.11 向MySQL增加新用户权限
6.12 怎样设置口令
6.13 存取拒绝(Access Denied)错误的原因
6.14 怎样使MySQL安全以对抗解密高手(cracker)
7 MySQL 语言参考
7.1 文字:怎样写字符串和数字
7.1.1 字符串
7.1.2 数字
7.1.3 十六进制值
7.1.4 NULL值
7.1.5 数据库,表,索引,列和别名的命名
7.1.5.1 名字的大小写敏感性
7.2 用户变量
7.3 列类型
7.3.1 列类型的存储要求
7.3.5 数字类型
7.3.6 日期和时间类型
7.3.6.1 问题和日期类型
7.3.6.2 DATETIME,DATE和TIMESTAMP类型
7.3.6.3 TIME类型
7.3.6.4 YEAR类型
7.3.7 字符串类型
7.3.7.1 CHAR和VARCHAR类型
7.3.7.2 BLOB和TEXT类型
7.3.7.3 ENUM类型
7.3.7.4 SET类型
7.3.8 为列选择正确的类型
7.3.9 列索引
7.3.10 多列索引
7.3.11 使用来自其他数据库引擎的列类型
7.4 用在SELECT和WHERE子句的函数
7.4.1 分组函数
7.4.2 常用的算术运算
7.4.3 位函数
7.4.4 逻辑运算
7.4.5 比较运算符
7.4.6 字符串比较函数
7.4.7 类型转换运算符
7.4.8 控制流函数
7.4.9 数学函数
7.4.10 字符串函数
7.4.11 日期和时间函数
7.4.12 其他函数
7.4.13 与GROUP BY子句一起使用的函数
7.5 CREATE DATABASE (创建数据库)句法
7.6 DROP DATABASE (抛弃数据库)句法
7.7 CREATE TABLE (创建表)句法
7.7.1 隐含(silent)的列指定变化
7.8 ALTER TABLE (改变表)句法
7.9 OPTIMIZE TABLE (优化表) 句法
7.10 DROP TABLE (抛弃表)句法
7.11 DELETE (删除)句法
7.12 SELECT (精选)句法
7.13 JOIN (联接)句法
7.14 INSERT (插入)句法
7.15 REPLACE (替换)句法
7.16 LOAD DATA INFILE (装载数据到文件)句法
7.17 UPDATE (更新)句法
7.18 USE (使用)句法
7.19 FLUSH (清除缓存)句法
7.20 KILL (杀灭)句法
7.21 SHOW (显示)句法(得到关于表,列等的信息)
7.22 EXPLAIN (解释)句法(得到关于SELECT的信息)
7.23 DESCRIBE (描述)句法(得到列的信息)
7.24 LOCK TABLES/UNLOCK TABLES (锁定表/解锁表)句法
7.25 SET OPTION (设置选项)句法
7.26 GRANT (授权)和REVOKE (撤回)句法
7.27 CREATE INDEX (创建索引)句法
7.28 DROP INDEX (抛弃索引)句法
7.29 注释句法
7.30 CREATE FUNCTION/DROP FUNCTION (创建函数/抛弃函数)句法
7.31 MySQL对保留字很挑剔吗?
8 MySQL 教程
8.1 联接和断开服务器
8.2 输入查询
8.3 常用查询的例子
8.3.1 列的最大值
8.3.2 拥有某个列的最大值的行
8.3.3 列的最大值:按组:只有值
8.3.4 拥有某个字段的组间最大值的行
8.3.5 使用外键
8.4 创建并使用一个数据库
8.4.1 创建并选用一个数据库
8.4.2 创建一个数据库表
8.4.3 将数据装入数据库表
8.4.4 从一个数据库表检索信息
8.4.4.1 选择所有数据
8.4.4.2 选择特定行
8.4.4.3 选择特定列
8.4.4.4 排序行
8.4.4.5 日期计算
8.4.4.6 NULL值操作
8.4.4.7 模式匹配
8.4.4.8 行计数
8.4.5 使用多个数据库表
8.5 获得数据库和表的信息
8.6 以批处理模式使用mysql
8.7 从"双胞项目"中查询
8.7.1 找出所有非独处的双胞胎
8.7.2 显示关于双胞胎近况的表
9 MySQL 服务器功能
9.1 MySQL 支持哪些语言?
9.1.1 用于数据和排序的字符集
9.1.2 增加一个新的字符集
9.1.3 多字节字符支持
9.2 更新日志
9.3 MySQL数据库表可以有多大?
9.4 MySQL数据库表类型
10 从 MySQL 得到最大的性能
10.1 优化概述
10.2 系统/编译时和启动参数的调节
10.2.1 编译和链接如何影响 MySQL 的速度
10.2.2 磁盘问题
10.2.2.1 为数据库和表格使用符号链接
10.2.3 调节服务器参数
10.2.4 MySQL 怎样打开和关闭数据库表
10.2.5 在同一个数据库中创建大量数据库表的缺点
10.2.6 为什么有这么多打开的表?
10.2.7 MySQL 怎样使用内存
10.2.8 MySQL 怎样锁定数据库表
10.2.9 数据库表级锁定的问题
10.3 使你的数据尽可能小
10.4 MySQL 索引的使用
10.5 存取或更新数据的查询速度
10.5.1 估计查询性能
10.5.2 SELECT 查询的速度
10.5.3 MySQL 怎样优化WHERE子句
10.5.4 MySQL 怎样优化LEFT JOIN
10.5.5 MySQL 怎样优化LIMIT
10.5.6 INSERT查询的速度
10.5.7 UPDATE查询的速度
10.5.8 DELETE查询的速度
10.6 选择一种表类型
10.6.1 静态(定长)表的特点
10.6.2 动态表的特点
10.6.3 压缩表的特点
10.6.4 内存(In-memory table)表的特点
10.7 其他优化技巧
10.8 使用你自己的基准测试
10.9 设计选择
10.10 MySQL 设计局限/折衷
10.11 可移植性
10.12 我们已将MySQL用在何处?
11 MySQL 基准套件
12 MySQL 实用程序
12.1 各种 MySQL 程序概述
12.2 管理一个 MySQL 服务器
12.3 从 MySQL 数据库和表中倒出(dump)结构和数据
12.4 从文本文件导入数据
12.5 MySQL 压缩只读表生成器
13 维护 MySQL 安装
13.1 使用myisamchk进行表维护和崩溃恢复
13.1.1 myisamchk的调用语法
13.1.2 myisamchk的内存使用
13.2 13.2 建立一个数据库表维护规范
13.3 获得关于一个表的信息
13.4 使用myisamchk进行崩溃恢复
13.4.1 怎样检查表的出错
13.4.2 怎样修复表
13.4.3 表优化
13.5 日志文件维护
14 为MySQL增加新函数
14.1 增加一个新的用户定义函数
14.1.1 UDF调用顺序
14.1.2 参数处理
14.1.3 返回值和出错处理
14.1.4 编译并安装用户定义函数
14.2 增加一个新的原生(native)函数
15 为MySQL增加新过程
15.1 analyse过程
15.2 编写一个过程
16 MySQL对 ODBC 支持
16.1 MyODBC 支持的操作系统
16.2 怎样报告 MyODBC的问题
16.3 已知可用 MyODBC一起工作的程序
16.4 怎样填写 ODBC 管理程序的各种域
16.5 怎样在ODBC中获得一个AUTO_INCREMENT列的值
16.6 报告 MyODBC 的问题
17 与一些常用程序一起使用MySQL
17.1 与 Apache一起使用 MySQL
18 问题和常见的错误
18.1 如果 MySQL总是崩溃怎么办
18.2 使用 MySQL 时一些常见错误
18.2.1 MySQL server has gone away错误
18.2.2 Can't connect to [local] MySQL server错误
18.2.3 Host '...' is blocked错误
18.2.4 Out of memory错误
18.2.5 Packet too large错误
18.2.6 The table is full错误
18.2.7 Commands out of sync in client错误
18.2.8 Ignoring user错误
18.2.9 Table 'xxx' doesn't exist错误
18.3 MySQL 怎样处理一个溢出的磁盘
18.4 怎样从一个文本文件运行SQL命令
18.5 MySQL 在哪儿存储临时文件
18.6 怎样保护"/tmp/mysql.sock"不被删除
18.7 Access denied 出错
18.8 怎样作为一个一般用户运行 MySQL
18.9 怎样重新设置一个忘记的口令
18.10 文件许可权限问题
18.11 文件没找到
18.12 使用DATE列的问题
18.13 时区问题
18.14 在搜索中的大小写敏感性
18.15 NULL值问题
18.16 alias问题
18.17 从相关的表中删除行
18.18 解决没有匹配行的问题
18.19 ALTER TABLE问题
18.20 怎样改变一个表中列的次序
19 解决MySQL 一些常见的问题
19.1 数据库复制
19.2 数据库备份
19.3 在同一台机器上运行多个 MySQL 服务器
20 MySQL 客户工具和 API
20.1 MySQL C API
20.2 C API数据类型
20.3 C API函数概述
20.4 C API函数描述
20.4.1 mysql_affected_rows ()
20.4.2 mysql_close ()
20.4.3 mysql_connect ()
20.4.4 mysql_change_user ()
20.4.5 mysql_create_db ()
20.4.6 mysql_data_seek ()
20.4.7 mysql_debug ()
20.4.8 mysql_drop_db ()
20.4.9 mysql_dump_debug_info ()
20.4.10 mysql_eof ()
20.4.11 mysql_errno ()
20.4.12 mysql_error ()
20.4.13 mysql_escape_string ()
20.4.14 mysql_fetch_field ()
20.4.15 mysql_fetch_fields ()
20.4.16 mysql_fetch_field_direct ()
20.4.17 mysql_fetch_lengths ()
20.4.18 mysql_fetch_row ()
20.4.19 mysql_field_count ()
20.4.20 mysql_field_seek ()
20.4.21 mysql_field_tell ()
20.4.22 mysql_free_result ()
20.4.23 mysql_get_client_info ()
20.4.24 mysql_get_host_info ()
20.4.25 mysql_get_proto_info ()
20.4.26 mysql_get_server_info ()
20.4.27 mysql_info ()
20.4.28 mysql_init ()
20.4.29 mysql_insert_id ()
20.4.30 mysql_kill ()
20.4.31 mysql_list_dbs ()
20.4.32 mysql_list_fields ()
20.4.33 mysql_list_processes ()
20.4.34 mysql_list_tables ()
20.4.35 mysql_num_fields ()
20.4.36 mysql_num_rows ()
20.4.37 mysql_options ()
20.4.38 mysql_ping ()
20.4.39 mysql_query ()
20.4.40 mysql_real_connect ()
20.4.41 mysql_real_query ()
20.4.42 mysql_reload ()
20.4.43 mysql_row_seek ()
20.4.44 mysql_row_tell ()
20.4.45 mysql_select_db ()
20.4.46 mysql_shutdown ()
20.4.47 mysql_stat ()
20.4.48 mysql_store_result ()
20.4.49 mysql_thread_id ()
20.4.50 mysql_use_result ()
20.4.51 为什么在mysql_query()返回成功后mysql_store_result()有时返回NULL?
20.4.52 我能从查询得到什么结果?
20.4.53 我怎样才能获得最后插入的行的唯一ID?
20.4.54 链接 C API的问题
20.4.55 怎样制作一个线程安全(thread-safe)的客户
20.5 MySQL Perl API
20.5.1 DBI与DBD::mysql
20.5.2 DBI接口
20.5.3 更多的DBI/DBD信息
20.6 MySQL Eiffel 包装
20.7 MySQL Java 连接(JDBC)
20.8 MySQL PHP API
20.9 MySQL C++ API
20.10 MySQL Python API
20.11 MySQL TCL API
21 怎样对比MySQL与其他数据库
21.1 怎样对比MySQL和mSQL
21.1.1 怎样将mSQL工具转换到MySQL
21.1.2 mSQL和MySQL的 客户机/服务器通讯协议有何不同
21.1.3 mSQL 2.0 SQL句法与MySQL有何不同
21.2 怎样对比MySQL与PostgreSQL
A 一些 MySQL 用户
B 贡献的程序
C MySQL贡献者
D MySQL 变迁的历史记录
E MySQL中已知的错误和设计缺限
F 我们想要在未来加入到MySQL 的计划表( TODO )
G 对移植到其他系统的说明
H MySQL 正则表达式句法的描述
I 什么是 Unireg?
J 针对非微软操作系统的 MySQL 服务器许可证
K 针对微软操作系统的 MySQL 许可证
SQL命令,类型和函数索引
概念索引
ZigbeeWirelessNetworking.pdf
The Book’s Structure
This book is designed to be read from cover-to-cover, tutorial style. Each chapter
introduces concepts that are used in later chapters. However, the reader is encouraged to
xii Preface
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skip ahead if the concepts of any section are already familiar. To keep the reader oriented
in each section, some overlap is necessary.
While it is not required, it is helpful to have the ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 specifications
available when reading this book. I’ll sometimes refer to a section or a concept in those
specifications for further reading.
To obtain the ZigBee specification, go to http://www.zigbee.org and click on “ Download
the Specification. ” It is free, and comes in PDF format.
Go to http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/802.15.html and select “ IEEE 802.15.2-2003 ”
to obtain the 802.15.4 standard in PDF format. There is a new draft standard, IEEE
802.15.2-2006, but ZigBee does not currently use that specification.
The chapters are organized as follows.
Chapter 1, “ Hello ZigBee, ” lays out the basics of ZigBee and its intended use. It describes
the ZigBee Alliance, which is the standards body which defines and promotes the ZigBee
standard worldwide. This chapter also provides the developer with several ZigBee
networking examples, complete with source code.
Chapter 2, “ Deciding on ZigBee, ” helps the developer make technical and marketing
choices about ZigBee, and even helps determine whether ZigBee is the right solution
for any given problem. It provides a concise checklist, with all of the ZigBee factors
that must be considered throughout the entire product life cycle, from inception through
development, deployment, and maintenance.
Chapter 3, “ The ZigBee Development Environment, ” covers the basics of the ZigBee
development environment, and walks the reader through an example, step-by-step, to
help gain a full understanding of what’s involved in the development and debug phase.
This chapter contains information necessary if the reader plans to follow along with the
examples using actual hardware.
Chapter 4, “ ZigBee Applications, ” goes in-depth into application development, including
the fundamentals of ZigBee networks, nodes, addressing, Application Profiles, and the
features provided to the application by the Application Framework (AF) and Application
Support Sub-layer (APS).
Chapter 5, “ ZigBee, ZDO, and ZDP, ” describes the ZigBee Device Object (ZDO) and
how it interacts with and is used by applications, including how to achieve maximum
battery life from ZigBee nodes.
Preface xiii
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Chapter 6, “ The ZigBee Cluster Library, ” covers the library of common clusters used for
profile and device development. It describes Home Automation in some detail.
Chapter 7, “ The ZigBee Networking Layer, ” goes in-depth into how ZigBee actually
delivers packets from one node to another, including mesh and tree networking. It also
discusses some of the table management that must occur for ZigBee nodes to last for
years (and decades) in the field with no required maintenance. This chapter also describes
security in detail.
Chapter 8, “ Commissioning ZigBee Networks, ” describes the commissioning process
with ZigBee. This topic is critical to the successful deployment and maintenance of
ZigBee networks.
Chapter 9, “ ZigBee Gateways, ” introduces gateways and describes techniques for
retrieving information from a ZigBee network, as well as controlling and configuring
sensors and actuators from outside the ZigBee network.
Appendix A, “ ZigBee 2007 and ZigBee Pro, ” is a quick reference to the ZigBee
application API.
Appendix B, “ ZigBee Quick Reference, ” is a quick reference to ZigBee architecture and
commands.
Appendix C, “ ZigBee Cluster Library Quick Reference, ” covers some of the new features
in ZigBee to be found in the upcoming ZigBee 2007, a specification that was not quite
ready for publication at the time of this writing.
Newnes.ZigBee.Wireless.Networks.and.Transceivers.Sep.2008.eBook-DDU.pdf
Contents
Foreword ..................................................................................................... xv
Preface .......................................................................................................xvii
Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... xxi
Chapter 1 ZigBee Basics .............................................................................. 1
1.1 What Is ZigBee? .........................................................................................................1
1.2 ZigBee versus Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11 ................................................................2
1.3 Short-Range Wireless Networking Classes ................................................................3
1.4 The Relationship Between ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 Standards .............................4
1.5 Frequencies of Operation and Data Rates ...................................................................6
1.6 Interoperability ............................................................................................................8
1.7 Device Types ...............................................................................................................9
1.8 Device Roles ...............................................................................................................9
1.9 ZigBee Networking Topologies ................................................................................10
1.10 ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 Communication Basics .................................................12
1.10.1 CSMA-CA ..................................................................................................12
1.10.2 Beacon-Enabled vs. Nonbeacon Networking .............................................13
1.10.3 Data Transfer Methods ...............................................................................13
1.10.4 Data Verification .........................................................................................15
1.10.5 Addressing ..................................................................................................15
1.11 Association and Disassociation .................................................................................16
1.12 Binding ......................................................................................................................16
1.13 ZigBee Self-Forming and Self-Healing Characteristics ...........................................16
1.14 ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 Networking Layer Functions ........................................17
1.14.1 PHY Layer ..................................................................................................17
1.14.2 MAC Layer .................................................................................................19
1.14.3 The NWK Layer .........................................................................................21
1.14.4 The APL Layer ...........................................................................................22
1.14.5 Security .......................................................................................................22
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1.15 The ZigBee Gateway ................................................................................................23
1.16 ZigBee Metaphor ......................................................................................................23
References ..........................................................................................................................23
Chapter 2 ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 Networking Examples ............................... 25
2.1 Home Automation .....................................................................................................25
2.1.1 Security Systems ...........................................................................................25
2.1.2 Meter-Reading Systems ................................................................................26
2.1.3 Irrigation Systems .........................................................................................27
2.1.4 Light Control Systems ..................................................................................27
2.1.5 Multizone HVAC Systems ............................................................................28
2.2 Consumer Electronics: Remote Control ...................................................................29
2.3 Industrial Automation ...............................................................................................29
2.3.1 Asset Management and Personnel Tracking .................................................29
2.3.2 Livestock Tracking........................................................................................30
2.4 Healthcare .................................................................................................................31
2.5 Other Applications ....................................................................................................32
2.5.1 Hotel Guest Room Access ............................................................................32
2.5.2 Fire Extinguishers .........................................................................................32
References ..........................................................................................................................32
Chapter 3 ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 Protocol Layers .................................. 33
3.1 ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 Networking Layers .......................................................33
3.2 The IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Specifications ...................................................................34
3.2.1 Channel Assignments ...................................................................................34
3.2.2 Energy Detection ..........................................................................................36
3.2.3 Carrier Sense .................................................................................................36
3.2.4 Link Quality Indicator ..................................................................................37
3.2.5 Clear Channel Assessment ............................................................................37
3.2.6 The PHY Constants and Attributes ...............................................................38
3.2.7 PHY Services ................................................................................................39
3.2.8 The Service Primitives ..................................................................................42
3.2.9 PHY Packet Format ......................................................................................44
3.2.10 Summary of the PHY Layer Responsibilities ...............................................46
3.3 IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Layer .......................................................................................47
3.3.1 Beacon-Enabled Operation and Superframe Structure .................................48
3.3.2 The Interframe Spacing ................................................................................51
3.3.3 CSMA-CA ....................................................................................................52
3.3.4 MAC Services ...............................................................................................56
3.3.5 The MAC Frame Format ...............................................................................68
3.3.6 The MAC Promiscuous Mode of Operation .................................................78
3.3.7 Summary of the MAC Layer Responsibilities ..............................................79
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3.4 The ZigBee NWK Layer ...........................................................................................80
3.4.1 Broadcasting .................................................................................................81
3.4.2 Multicasting ..................................................................................................83
3.4.3 Many-to-One Communication ......................................................................85
3.4.4 Hierarchical (Tree) Topology ........................................................................86
3.4.5 Mesh Topology .............................................................................................90
3.4.6 Routing ..........................................................................................................90
3.4.7 Route Discovery ............................................................................................94
3.4.8 Route Maintenance and Repair .....................................................................97
3.4.9 The NWK Layer Data Service ......................................................................98
3.4.10 The NWK Layer Management Service ........................................................99
3.4.11 The NWK Layer Frame Formats ................................................................102
3.4.12 Summary of the NWK Layer Responsibilities ...........................................109
3.5 The APL Layer .......................................................................................................110
3.5.1 The Application Framework .......................................................................111
3.5.2 The ZigBee Device Objects ........................................................................117
3.5.3 The APS Sublayer .......................................................................................119
3.5.4 Summary of the APL Layer Responsibilities .............................................122
3.6 Security Services .....................................................................................................122
3.6.1 Encryption ...................................................................................................123
3.6.2 Authentication .............................................................................................126
3.6.3 The Auxiliary Frame Header Format ..........................................................129
3.6.4 The APS Sublayer Security Commands .....................................................130
3.6.5 Security Attack Examples ...........................................................................133
3.6.6 Summary of the Security Services ..............................................................134
References ........................................................................................................................135
Chapter 4 Transceiver Requirements ......................................................... 137
4.1 Typical IEEE 802.15.4 Transceiver Building Blocks .............................................137
4.2 Receiver Sensitivity ................................................................................................139
4.3 Adjacent and Alternate Channel-Jamming Resistance Tests ..................................140
4.4 The Modulation and Spreading Methods for 2.4 GHz Operation ...........................142
4.5 Modulation and Spreading Methods for 868/915 MHz Operation .........................150
4.6 Transmitter Output Power .......................................................................................155
4.6.1 Power Spectral Density Limits ...................................................................156
4.6.2 Transmit Power Adjustment .......................................................................156
4.7 Error Vector Magnitude ..........................................................................................157
4.8 Symbol Timing .......................................................................................................158
4.9 Frequency Offset Tolerance ....................................................................................158
4.10 Turnaround Time.....................................................................................................158
4.11 Crystal Selection Considerations ............................................................................159
4.11.1 Safety Factor .............................................................................................161
4.11.2 Drive Level ................................................................................................162
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4.11.3 Series versus Parallel Resonant Crystals ..................................................163
4.11.4 Crystal Frequency Tolerance ....................................................................163
4.11.5 Crystal Aging ............................................................................................163
4.11.6 Crystal Pullability .....................................................................................163
4.11.7 Crystal Overtones......................................................................................164
4.12 Analog-to-Digital Converters ..................................................................................165
References ........................................................................................................................169
Chapter 5 RF Propagation, Antennas, and Regulatory Requirements ............ 171
5.1 Path Loss .................................................................................................................171
5.2 Signal Wavelength ..................................................................................................174
5.3 Signal Penetration ...................................................................................................174
5.4 Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction ...................................................................176
5.5 Multipath Environment ...........................................................................................177
5.5.1 Multipath-Induced Additional Random Phase ...........................................179
5.5.2 Multipath Null .............................................................................................179
5.5.3 Fading Channel and Fade Margin ...............................................................180
5.5.4 Effect of Frequency Channel on Multipath Performance ...........................180
5.5.5 Effect of Signal Spreading on Multipath Performance ...............................180
5.5.6 Mesh Networking to Improve Multipath Performance ...............................181
5.6 Doppler Frequency Shift .........................................................................................181
5.7 Site Survey ..............................................................................................................183
5.8 Range Estimation ....................................................................................................184
5.8.1 Range Improvement Techniques .................................................................184
5.9 Antenna Selection Considerations ..........................................................................187
5.9.1 Antenna Gain ..............................................................................................188
5.9.2 Antenna Radiation Pattern Graphs..............................................................189
5.9.3 Antenna Radiation Efficiency .....................................................................190
5.9.4 Antenna Impedance ....................................................................................190
5.9.5 Power Transfer Efficiency ..........................................................................191
5.9.6 Antenna Tuning...........................................................................................193
5.9.7 Antenna Polarization ...................................................................................193
5.9.8 Antenna Options .........................................................................................194
5.10 Regulatory Requirements ........................................................................................200
5.10.1 Brief Overview of FCC Regulations .........................................................201
5.10.2 FCC Certification of Compliance .............................................................202
5.10.3 Brief Overview of European Regulations .................................................203
5.10.4 CE Conformity Marking ...........................................................................203
5.10.5 Brief Overview of Japanese Regulations ..................................................204
5.10.6 Japan’s Conformity Certification System .................................................205
References ........................................................................................................................205
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Chapter 6 Battery Life Analysis ................................................................ 207
6.1 Battery Discharge Characteristics ...........................................................................207
6.2 A Simple Battery Life Calculation Method ............................................................208
6.3 Battery Monitoring ..................................................................................................210
6.4 Power Reduction Methods ......................................................................................211
6.4.1 Hardware-Level Considerations .................................................................211
6.4.2 Network Operation Efficiency ....................................................................214
6.4.3 Energy-Efficient Routing ............................................................................216
6.5 Buck Converters ......................................................................................................222
References ........................................................................................................................223
Chapter 7 Location Estimation Methods .................................................... 225
7.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................225
7.2 Received Signal Strength-Based Locationing Algorithms .....................................229
7.2.1 RSSI-Based Location Estimation Using Trilateration ................................230
7.2.2 Sources of Error in RSSI-Based Location Estimation ................................233
7.2.3 Location Estimation Based on Location Fingerprinting .............................235
7.2.4 Cooperative Location Estimation ...............................................................241
7.3 Angle-of-Arrival-Based Algorithms .......................................................................242
7.4 Time-Based Algorithms (ToA and TDoA) .............................................................243
7.5 The Computational Complexity ..............................................................................245
References ........................................................................................................................246
Chapter 8 ZigBee Coexistence .................................................................. 247
8.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................247
8.2 ZigBee Noncollaborative Coexistence Mechanisms ..............................................249
8.2.1 CSMA/CA Channel Access ........................................................................250
8.2.2 Extremely Low Duty Cycle ........................................................................250
8.2.3 Signal Spreading .........................................................................................250
8.2.4 Dynamic RF Output Power Selection .........................................................251
8.2.5 Mesh Networking and Location-Aware Routing ........................................251
8.2.6 Adjacent and Alternate Channel Performance ............................................252
8.2.7 Frequency Channel Selection .....................................................................252
8.2.8 Adaptive Packet Length Selection ..............................................................252
8.3 Coexistence with IEEE 802.11b/g ..........................................................................252
8.4 Coexistence with Bluetooth ....................................................................................256
8.5 Coexistence with Microwave Ovens .......................................................................257
8.6 Coexistence with Cordless Phones .........................................................................258
References ........................................................................................................................259
Chapter 9 Related Technologies ................................................................ 261
9.1 IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4 (6LoWPAN) ...................................................................261
9.2 WirelessHART ........................................................................................................263
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9.3 Z-wave.....................................................................................................................265
9.4 Ultra-Low-Power Bluetooth (Wibree) ....................................................................266
9.5 TinyOS ....................................................................................................................267
References ........................................................................................................................268
Appendix A PSSS Code Tables .................................................................. 269
A.1 PSSS Code Tables ..................................................................................................269
Appendix B ZigBee Device Profile Services ................................................. 273
Appendix C DSSS Symbol-to-Chip Mapping Tables ..................................... 283
Appendix D ZigBee-Pro/2007 .................................................................. 285
D.1 Frequency Agility ..................................................................................................286
D.2 Address Allocation .................................................................................................286
D.3 Security ..................................................................................................................286
D.4 Routing ...................................................................................................................287
D.5 Fragmentation and Reassembly .............................................................................289
References ........................................................................................................................289
Appendix E Transceiver Building Blocks ..................................................... 291
E.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................291
E.2 Receiver Chain Building Blocks ............................................................................291
E.2.1 LNA ............................................................................................................293
E.2.2 Mixer ..........................................................................................................294
E.2.3 Base-Band Filter and AGC ........................................................................295
E.2.4 DC Offset Correction .................................................................................297
E.2.5 Analog to Digital Converter .......................................................................300
E.2.6 Receiver Digital Baseband .........................................................................300
E.3 Transmitter Chain Building Blocks ........................................................................301
E.3.1 PSM ............................................................................................................301
E.3.2 PA ...............................................................................................................304
E.4 Frequency Generation ............................................................................................307
E.5 Power Management ................................................................................................315
E.6 Microcontrollers .....................................................................................................317
E.6.1 ARM...........................................................................................................318
E.6.2 HC(S)08 .....................................................................................................318
E.6.3 8051 ............................................................................................................318
E.7 Interfaces ................................................................................................................319
E.7.1 SPI ..............................................................................................................319
E.7.2 I2S ...............................................................................................................320
关于Report的zigbee实例
一个在TI开发板上能正常运行的关于Zigbee的report功能的实例,我通过对他的学习,我已经成功在温度传感器上添加对温度值的上报。代码基本不要怎么改动,在TI的zstack的实例中不包含的
SVN client & server(包括软件和使用教程)
SVN client & server(包括软件和使用教程)
FileZilla sever & client(免安装)
FileZilla-3.5.3免安装.rar
FileZilla_Server_0.9.41.exe
Linux设备驱动开发详解s3c2410
Linux设备驱动开发详解s3c2410
内核配置参考
Linux 2.6内核配置说明
内核配置参考文档
QT移植环境搭建
Qt4.5.3和tslib1.4
在ubuntu8.04下安装及移植
到友善之臂Mini2440开发板
QtCreator系列教程前四十八篇整理
QtCreator系列教程前四十八篇整理
u-boot-2009.08在2440上的移植详解
u-boot-2009.08在2440上的移植详解1---5
Makefile详解.pdf
目 录Table of Contents
GNU make中文手册.....................................................................................................................1
ver - 3.8......................................................................................................................................1
第一章:概述...............................................................................................................................7
1.1 概述................................................................................................................................7
1.2 准备知识..........................................................................................................................8
第二章 GNU make 介绍.............................................................................................................9
2 GNU make 介绍....................................................................................................................9
2.1 Makefile简介..................................................................................................................10
2.2 Makefile规则介绍...........................................................................................................11
2.3 简单的示例.....................................................................................................................12
2.4 make如何工作...............................................................................................................13
2.5 指定变量........................................................................................................................15
2.6 自动推导规则.................................................................................................................16
2.7 另类风格的makefile.......................................................................................................17
2.8 清除工作目录过程文件...................................................................................................18
第三章:Makefile 总述..............................................................................................................20
3 Makefile总述........................................................................................................................20
3.1 Makefile的内容...............................................................................................................20
3.2 makefile文件的命名.......................................................................................................21
3.3 包含其它makefile文件....................................................................................................22
3.4 变量 MAKEFILES..........................................................................................................24
3.5 变量 MAKEFILE_LIST..................................................................................................26
3.6 其他特殊变量.................................................................................................................26
3.7 makefile文件的重建.......................................................................................................27
3.8 重载另外一个makefile....................................................................................................28
3.9 make如何解析makefile文件...........................................................................................30
3.9.1 变量取值..................................................................................................................30
3.9.2 条件语句..................................................................................................................31
3.9.3 规则的定义...............................................................................................................31
3.10 总结...............................................................................................................................31
第四章:Makefile的规则............................................................................................................33
4 Makefile规则........................................................................................................................33
4.1 一个例子........................................................................................................................33
4.2 规则语法........................................................................................................................34
4.3 依赖的类型.....................................................................................................................35
4.4 文件名使用通配符..........................................................................................................36
4.4.1 统配符使用举例........................................................................................................37
4.4.2 通配符存在的缺陷....................................................................................................38
4.4.3 函数wildcard............................................................................................................38
4.5 目录搜寻........................................................................................................................39
4.5.1 一般搜索(变量VPATH)........................................................................................39
4.5.2 选择性搜索(关键字vpath)....................................................................................40
4.5.3 目录搜索的机制........................................................................................................41
4.5.4 命令行和搜索目录....................................................................................................44
4.5.5 隐含规则和搜索目录.................................................................................................44
4.5.6 库文件和搜索目录....................................................................................................45
2004年9月11日 2
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4.6 Makefile伪目标...............................................................................................................46
4.7 强制目标(没有命令或依赖的规则).............................................................................50
4.8 空目标文件.....................................................................................................................50
4.9 Makefile的特殊目标.......................................................................................................51
4.10 多目标............................................................................................................................54
4.11 多规则目标.....................................................................................................................55
4.12 静态模式........................................................................................................................56
4.12.1 静态模式规则的语法.......................................................................................56
4.12.2 静态模式和隐含规则.......................................................................................58
4.13 双冒号规则.....................................................................................................................59
4.14 自动产生依赖.................................................................................................................60
第五章:规则的命令..................................................................................................................63
5 为规则书写命令...................................................................................................................63
5.1 命令回显........................................................................................................................63
5.2 命令的执行.....................................................................................................................64
5.3 并发执行命令.................................................................................................................65
5.4 命令执行的错误..............................................................................................................67
5.5 中断make的执行............................................................................................................68
5.6 make的递归执行............................................................................................................69
5.6.1 变量MAKE...............................................................................................................70
5.6.2 变量和递归...............................................................................................................71
5.6.3 命令行选项和递归....................................................................................................75
5.6.4 -w选项......................................................................................................................77
5.7 定义命令包.....................................................................................................................78
5.8 空命令............................................................................................................................80
第六章:Makefile中的变量.........................................................................................................81
6 使用变量..............................................................................................................................81
6.1 变量的引用.....................................................................................................................82
6.2 两种变量定义(赋值)...................................................................................................83
6.2.1 递归展开式变量........................................................................................................83
6.2.2 直接展开式变量........................................................................................................85
6.2.3 定义一个空格...........................................................................................................86
6.2.4 “?=”操作符.............................................................................................................87
6.3 变量的高级用法..............................................................................................................88
6.3.1 变量的替换引用........................................................................................................88
6.3.2 变量的套嵌引用........................................................................................................88
6.4 变量取值........................................................................................................................92
6.5 如何设置变量.................................................................................................................93
6.6 追加变量值.....................................................................................................................94
6.7 override 指示符.............................................................................................................96
6.8 多行定义........................................................................................................................98
6.9 系统环境变量.................................................................................................................99
6.10 目标指定变量...............................................................................................................101
6.11 模式指定变量...............................................................................................................103
第七章:Makefile的条件执行...................................................................................................104
7 Makefile的条件判断...........................................................................................................104
7.1 一个例子......................................................................................................................104
7.2 条件判断的基本语法....................................................................................................105
7.3 标记测试的条件语句....................................................................................................108
第八章:make的内嵌函数........................................................................................................109
8 make的函数.......................................................................................................................109
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8.1 函数的调用语法............................................................................................................109
8.2 文本处理函数...............................................................................................................110
8.2.1 $(subst FROM,TO,TEXT).....................................................................................110
8.2.2 $(patsubst PATTERN,REPLACEMENT,TEXT)...................................................110
8.2.3 $(strip STRINT).....................................................................................................112
8.2.4 $(findstring FIND,IN)............................................................................................112
8.2.5 $(filter PATTERN…,TEXT)...................................................................................112
8.2.6 $(filter-out PATTERN...,TEXT).............................................................................113
8.2.7 $(sort LIST)...........................................................................................................113
8.2.8 $(word N,TEXT)....................................................................................................114
8.2.9 $(wordlist S,E,TEXT)............................................................................................114
8.2.10 $(words TEXT)............................................................................................114
8.2.11 $(firstword NAMES…)................................................................................115
8.3 文件名处理函数............................................................................................................115
8.3.1 $(dir NAMES…)....................................................................................................115
8.3.2 $(notdir NAMES…)...............................................................................................116
8.3.3 $(suffix NAMES…)...............................................................................................116
8.3.4 $(basename NAMES…).......................................................................................117
8.3.5 $(addsuffix SUFFIX,NAMES…)...........................................................................117
8.3.6 $(addprefix PREFIX,NAMES…)...........................................................................118
8.3.7 $(join LIST1,LIST2)...............................................................................................118
8.3.8 $(wildcard PATTERN)..........................................................................................119
8.4 foreach 函数................................................................................................................119
8.5 if 函数..........................................................................................................................120
8.6 call函数........................................................................................................................121
8.7 value函数.....................................................................................................................123
8.8 eval函数.......................................................................................................................124
8.9 origin函数.....................................................................................................................125
8.10 shell函数......................................................................................................................127
8.11 make的控制函数..........................................................................................................128
8.11.1 $(error TEXT…)...........................................................................................128
8.11.2 $(warning TEXT…)......................................................................................129
第九章:执行make..................................................................................................................130
9 执行make..........................................................................................................................130
9.1 指定makefile文件.........................................................................................................130
9.2 指定终极目标...............................................................................................................131
9.3 替代命令的执行............................................................................................................133
9.4 防止特定文件重建........................................................................................................135
9.5 替换变量定义...............................................................................................................136
9.6 使用make进行编译测试...............................................................................................137
9.7 Tmake的命令行选项....................................................................................................138
第十章:make的隐含规则........................................................................................................143
10 使用隐含规则...............................................................................................................143
10.1 隐含规则的使用............................................................................................................143
10.2 make的隐含规则一览...................................................................................................145
10.3 隐含变量......................................................................................................................148
10.3.1 代表命令的变量............................................................................................149
10.3.2 命令参数的变量............................................................................................150
10.4 make隐含规则链..........................................................................................................151
10.5 模式规则......................................................................................................................153
10.5.1 模式规则介绍................................................................................................153
10.5.2 模式规则示例................................................................................................155
10.5.3 自动化变量....................................................................................................156
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T10.5.4 T模式的匹配.................................................................................................159
10.5.5 万用规则.......................................................................................................160
10.5.6 重建内嵌隐含规则.........................................................................................161
10.6 缺省规则......................................................................................................................162
10.7 后缀规则......................................................................................................................162
10.8 隐含规则搜索算法........................................................................................................164
第十一章:使用make更新静态库文件......................................................................................166
11 更新静态库文件............................................................................................................166
11.1 库成员作为目标............................................................................................................166
11.2 静态库的更新...............................................................................................................167
11.2.1 更新静态库的符号索引表..............................................................................168
11.3 make静态库的注意事项...............................................................................................168
11.4 静态库的后缀规则........................................................................................................169
第十二章 : GNU make的特点...............................................................................................170
12 GNU make的一些特点.................................................................................................170
12.1 源自System v的特点....................................................................................................170
12.2 源自其他版本的特点....................................................................................................171
12.3 GNU make自身的特点.................................................................................................172
第十三章 和其它版本的兼容....................................................................................................174
13 不兼容性......................................................................................................................174
第十四章 Makefile的约定........................................................................................................176
14 书写约定......................................................................................................................176
14.1 基本的约定...................................................................................................................176
14.2 规则命令行的约定........................................................................................................178
14.3 代表命令变量...............................................................................................................179
14.4 安装目录变量...............................................................................................................180
14.5 Makefile的标准目标名..................................................................................................185
14.6 安装命令分类...............................................................................................................190
第十五章 make的常见错误信息...............................................................................................193
15 make产生的错误信息...................................................................................................193
附录1:关键字索引..................................................................................................................196
GNU make可识别的指示符:..............................................................................................196
GNU make函数:...............................................................................................................197
GNU make的自动化变量.....................................................................................................197
GNU make环境变量............................................................................................................198
后序........................................................................................................................................198
无线蓝牙点菜系统(代码文档齐全)
嵌入式蓝牙点菜系统
初级状态:
一对多的方式,有2种系统,一个服务器端,多个手持终端,项目中,服务器端可以用一台电脑模拟,手持终端是用实验箱模拟,一个实验箱对应一个手持终端。由于硬件受限,我们只要完成一对一的方式,即只有一个手持终端,也就是一个实验箱和一个电脑主机,两者采用直连网线相连。
实验箱端:
1. 采用ARM+Linux平台
2. 需要有外接键盘模拟手持终端的输入,支持0~9数字输入,支持某些扩展字符输入,比如OK键,Cancel键,这个可以由同学们自由发挥。
3. 完成外接键盘的驱动,这可以作为第一个模块,是信息的输入模块。
4. 把键盘输入的信息,很可能是菜的一个编号,同时可能有座位的编号,进行封装,发送出去,注意,这里可以使用嵌入式数据库查询进行转化,也可以只发送编码,转化的过程留给主机端完成,如果都有数据库,就要小心同步问题,建议只有一段有数据库,如果是采用嵌入式数据库,手持终端可以及时打印出编码对应的菜名以便顾客确认,更加能增加客户的满意度。
5. 如果实验箱端含数据库,要注意提供增加删除的功能。
6. 信息在传送过程中,可以考虑自定义的协议传送。实验箱端完成封包发送,使用Socket编程实现,优选TCP协议作为传输层协议。
主机端:
1. 采用x86+Window平台
2. 采用QT图形系统实现订菜情况的显示,查询功能
3. 接收到实验箱端的信息后,能进行解析,获取菜名,座位号,订菜时间,价格等重要信息,并传递给应用层。
4. 要考虑先进先出,菜的排队系统,让先点的人能尽量先获得菜,也要考虑下同样的菜是否可以一起通知厨房,同学们自由发挥。
5. 系统要能自动统计每天的收入,各个菜被点的次数,月收入等信息,以便管理人员能根据信息来调整菜单,淘汰一些没人点的菜。
6. 如果数据库在主机端,要注意能增加删除等功能。
7. 注意,有的菜可能有2种价格,普通价和会员价,这些小细节同学们可以自由发挥。
最后同学们完成后的一个基本情况应该包括:
键盘驱动模块,负责点菜信息的录入,服务员根据顾客的点单情况录入一些重要信息,比如,点几个菜,点菜时间,座位号,点菜员编号。
信息传输模块,负责主机端和实验箱的通讯,采用Socket编程,自定义协议结构。
信息输出模块,在主机端,让餐厅经理即使看到所有的点菜情况,能统计各种信息,方便管理者总结调整。
中级状态:
相比于初级状态,中级状态应该能部分放弃以太网,可以采用蓝牙进行通讯传输,达到一对多的效果。相比于初级状态,需要增加的东西:
1. 蓝牙模块,负责通讯,需要有驱动支持,能搜索范围内的其它蓝牙设备。
2. 需要有一个实验箱作为主机端的一个中转,可以认为是服务端的实验箱,它把蓝牙通讯获取的信息通过直连网线传送给主机系统。
3. 要考虑蓝牙协议的特性,注意一对多蓝牙设备连接的问题,不是想象那么简单的,要注意怎么能让系统实现这样类似的功能,需要同学们能参考一些资料。
最后同学们完成的一个基本情况应该是:
相比于初级,需要增加一个蓝牙模块,蓝牙模块最终实现后,有可能对于系统来说是个串口,也可以使用简单的字符设备作为流输入输出,还需要同学们查询相关资料,学习完成。
中级相比于初级,在调试中可能会遇到很多问题,需要注意,因为蓝牙一般是点对点传输,要模拟出一对多,势必会有很多同步问题,需要考虑。
最后完成的状态应该是,一个实验箱作为主机端,并用网线连接到一台电脑,其它2个以上的实验箱模拟成手持终端,这些实验箱都可以用键盘输入来点菜,能输入餐桌号,菜名,时间等信息。测试中要同时用2个以上的环境进行点菜,并能保证不出现问题。点好的菜能在主机的电脑中正确显示出来,包括相关所有信息。
高级状态:
完成到中级状态的要求,基本已经完成一个嵌入式蓝牙点菜系统了,但还有更多的东西可以在高级状态中进行考虑,同学们也可以选择一些,觉得比较容易实现的,去实现它们。
高级状态主要是要发挥同学们的主观能动性,设身处地得为客户着想,站在客户的角度去思考一些问题,这也是作为研发人员的比较高的境界。我列举一些供大家参考:
1. 我们的客户希望厨房也应该有一个终端能及时显示菜单信息,而且在某些菜没有材料可以做的情况下,厨房能及时通知主机,能通知点菜的手持终端。
2. 我们的客户是一个多功能餐厅,它不但提供中餐,还随时提供冷饮和面点,冷饮台,面点房也需要一个终端能显示客户的需求,当然这种地方一般是不存在缺料的情况的。
3. 我们的客户认为,他们的客人很纠结,经常要更换菜单,或者吃着吃着,需要加个菜,而且这些加的菜必须加急,要排到其它客人菜的前面,我们的系统应该能辅助我们的客户满足他们客人的这些变更要求,当然,不能造成餐厅的损失。
4. 我们客户的客人有时候会要求点一些餐厅没有在菜单上的东西,我们餐厅也想做这样的生意,需要手持终端能把这样的信息发给总台,服务员做不了主,由经理或厨房主管来决定。
5. 我们客户经常会搞些活动,所以有时候客人吃的某些菜是特价的,或者免费的,但只是某一类客人,其他客人应该保持原价,价格方面是否我们的产品能灵活提供,而且不能搞错。
6. 我们的客户还希望我们的系统有强大一点的统计功能,方便他们月底评选优秀服务员,方便他们财务做帐,方便他们老板即刻知道他这个月赚了多少钱等统计相关功能。
7. 我们客户可能还需要我们系统有一定的保存功能,能把一个月内的点菜的明细情况保存下来,供管理人员,老板查看。
同学们在做的时候还能极限发挥一下自己的脑力,头脑风暴一下,能想出更多的,容易实现的,能提高客户满意度的点子。其实类似于这种技术门槛还不算高的产品,重要的或许就是你的系统更能为客户着想,你提供的功能更具实用性等,让你的产品在同类产品中更具有竞争力。
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本系统适合对C的一个综合管理项目,对所以的数据用文件的形式保存,适合初学者下载学习,代码完整,直接可以运行。
部分函数:
void changepsd(int m);//密码修改
void addadmin(); //添加管理员
void deladmin(); //删除管理员
void BOC(); //老板工作菜单
void changejob();//职位修改
void find(); //查看全部管理员信息
void addvip(); //添加会员
void delvip(); //删除会员
void changevip();//修改会员
void findvip(); //查看全部会员信息
void denglu();//管理员登陆
void readdamin();//读出管理员信息
void writeadmin();//写入管理员信息
void fwy(struct admin fuwu);//服务员工作菜单
void begin();//点菜开始
void guke();
void readtable();//读出餐桌信息
void writetable();//写入餐桌信息
void caipu();//点菜
void caipus();//菜谱
void caiweihu();//菜谱管理
void addcaidan();//菜单添加
void readcaidan();//读菜单
void writecaidan();//写菜单
void delcaidan();//菜单减少
void changecaidan();//菜单修改
void findcaidan();//菜单查看
void print(int *p,int n,int m);//输出
void caiprint();//餐桌点菜情况查看
void delcais();//删除已点菜
void VIP();//会员登录
void readvip();//读会员信息
void writevip();//写会员信息
void dengluvip();//vip登录
void vipp(int f);//会员选项
void gaivip();//会员密码修改
void vipprint();//积分规则
void viprint(int f);//积分查询
void jiesuan();//结算
void fanhui();
void changepsd(int m)
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