likepro的专栏

mini2440 jlink 烧写nor flash的配置文件

RapidIO 最早是由美国Mercury Computer systems 公司（美国水星计算机系统公司www.mc.com） 为它的计算密集型信号处理系统自行开发的总线技术。RapidIO 是一种分组交换结构，最初开发它的目 的是用来连接线路板上的芯片和连接机箱内的线路板，RapidIO 采用包交换技术，在网络处理器（NPU）、 中央处理器（CPU）和数字信号处理器（DSP）之间的通信具有高速、低延迟、稳定可靠的互连性。后来 被Motorola 公司以及其它一些半导体公司所采用。为了推广它的应用，成立了RapidIO 贸易协会， Mercury 公司当之无愧的成为了该协会的核心成员，目前RapidIO 已经成为了开放的标准，世界各大半 导体公司都陆续推出了基于RapidIO 技术的相关产品，基于RapidIO 通信体系架构技术的系统例如ATCA、 VITA 系列（VITA41 即VXS、VITA46 即VPX、VITA48 即REDI）、CPCI 等系统已在电信、国防、医疗等行 业大量使用。

10 Gigabit Ethernet uses the IEEE 802.3 MAC sublayer, connected through a 10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface (XGMII) to Physical Layer entities such as 10GBASE-SR, 10GBASE-LX4, 10GBASE-CX4, 10GBASE-LR, 10GBASE-ER, 10GBASE-SW, 10GBASE-LW, and 10GBASE-EW. 10 Gigabit Ethernet extends the IEEE 802.3 MAC beyond 1000 Mb/s to 10 Gb/s. The bit rate is faster and the bit times are shorter—both in proportion to the change in bandwidth. The minimum packet transmission time has been reduced by a factor of ten. A rate control mode (see 4.2.3.2.2) is added to the MAC to adapt the average MAC data rate to the SONET/SDH data rate for WAN-compatible applications of this standard. Achievable topologies for 10 Gb/s operation are comparable to those found in 1000BASE-X full duplex mode and equivalent to those found in WAN applications. 10 Gigabit Ethernet is defined for full duplex mode of operation only.

以Linux命令为基础，逐步介绍Linux操作系统各种资源，功能的使用

This book could have been purely about standard UNIX (that is, POSIX) system programming because most features found on other UNIX implementations are also present on Linux and vice versa. However, while writing portable applications is a worthy goal, it is also important to describe Linux extensions to the standard UNIX programming interface. One reason for this is the popularity of Linux. Another is that the use of nonstandard extensions is sometimes essential, either for performance reasons or to access functionality that is unavailable in the standard UNIX programming interface. (All UNIX implementations provide nonstandard extensions for these reasons.) Therefore, while I’ve designed this book to be useful to programmers working with all UNIX implementations, I also provide full coverage of programming features that are specific to Linux. These features include: epoll, a mechanism for obtaining notification of file I/O events; inotify, a mechanism for monitoring changes in files and directories; capabilities, a mechanism for granting a process a subset of the powers of the superuser; Preface xxxiii extended attributes; i-node flags; the clone() system call; the /proc file system; and Linux-specific details of the implementation of file I/O, signals, timers, threads, shared libraries, interprocess communication, and sockets.

If half of strategic thinking is predicting what the other player will do, the other half is guring out what he knows. Most of the games in chap- ter 1 assumed that the moves were simultaneous, so the players did not have a chance to learn each other's private information by observing each other. Information becomes central as soon as players move in sequence. The important dierence, in fact, between simultaneous-move games and sequential-move games is that in sequential-move games the second player acquires the information on how the rst player moved before he must make his own decision.

Learning a language--any language--involves a process wherein you learn to rely less and less on instruction and more increasingly on the aspects of the language you've mastered. Whether you're learning French, Java, or C, at some point you'll set aside the tutorial and attempt to converse on your own. It's not necessary to know every subtle facet of French in order to speak it well, especially if there's a good dictionary available. Likewise, C programmers don't need to memorize every detail of C in order to write good programs. What they need instead is a reliable, comprehensive reference that they can keep nearby. C in a Nutshell is that reference. This long-awaited book is a complete reference to the C programming language and C runtime library. Its purpose is to serve as a convenient, reliable companion in your day-to-day work as a C programmer. C in a Nutshell covers virtually everything you need to program in C, describing all the elements of the language and illustrating their use with numerous examples. The book is divided into three distinct parts. The first part is a fast-paced description, reminiscent of the classic Kernighan & Ritchie text on which many C programmers cut their teeth. It focuses specifically on the C language and preprocessor directives, including extensions introduced to the ANSI standard in 1999. These topics and others are covered:

缓冲区溢出的原理和实践(Phrack)在许多C语言的实现中,有可能通过写入例程 中所声明的数组的结尾部分来破坏可执行的堆栈.所谓'践踏堆栈'使用的 代码可以造成例程的返回异常,从而跳到任意的地址.这导致了一些极为 险恶的数据相关漏洞(已人所共知).其变种包括堆栈垃圾化(trash the stack),堆栈乱写(scribble the stack),堆栈毁坏(mangle the stack); 术语mung the stack并不使用,因为这从来不是故意造成的.参阅spam? 也请参阅同名的漏洞,胡闹内核(fandango on core),内存泄露(memory leak),优先权丢失(precedence lossage),螺纹滑扣(overrun screw).

正则表达式看上去并不像某种语言或者某个技术那么重要，仅靠它们你无法写出一个应用程序来。然而，它们却总是在你的开发过程中如影随形，不管是进行表单验证，还是高亮显示搜索结果，又或者是进行URL地址映射，总是需要使用它们。几乎所有的语言都对它进行了不同程度的支持，由此，足见其在文本匹配这一领域中的地位。 正则表达式应该算是开发人员应该掌握的一个轻量级的技能，然而，它稀奇古怪地匹配模式总让人们联想起外星语言。本文中，我期望能和大家一道，通过丰富地例子，由浅入深地对正则表达式作一个复习和回顾。

When most system designers look at serializer/deserializer (SerDes) devices, they often compare speed and power without considering how the SerDes works and what it actually does with their data. Internal SerDes architecture may seem irrelevant, but this overlooked item can dictate many important system parameters like system topology, protocol overhead, data formatting and flow, latency, clocking and timing requirements, and the need for additional buffering as well as logic. These issues can have a big impact on system cost, performance, and efficiency.

The Serial Gigabit Media Independent Interface (SGMII) is designed to satisfy the following requirements: • Convey network data and port speed between a 10/100/1000 PHY and a MAC with significantly less signal pins than required for GMII. • Operate in both half and full duplex and at all port speeds

802.3-2005_section3(以太网物理层标准)，描述了以太网的PCS,PMA,PMD等层