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The Struts framework was originally created by Craig R. McClanahan and added to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) in 2000. The project now has several committers from around the world and there are many developers contributing to the overall good of the framework. The Struts framework is one of many well-known and successful Apache Jakarta projects. Others include Ant, Log4J, Tomcat, and many more. The overall mission of the Jakarta project is to provide commercial-quality server solutions based on the Java platform and in an open and cooperative fashion.

The Apache Struts web framework is a free open-source solution for creating Java web applications. Web applications differ from conventional websites in that web applications can create a dynamic response. Many websites deliver only static pages. A web application can interact with databases and business logic engines to customize a response. Web applications based on JavaServer Pages sometimes commingle database code, page design code, and control flow code. In practice, we find that unless these concerns are separated, larger applications become difficult to maintain. One way to separate concerns in a software application is to use a Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture. The Model represents the business or database code, the View represents the page design code, and the Controller represents the navigational code. The Struts framework is designed to help developers create web applications that utilize a MVC architecture.

This chapter covers Introducing application frameworks Understanding HTTP, CGI, servlets, and JSPs Using the Model 2 architecture Building a simple application