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Java 8函数式编程_最新版
Java 8函数式编程_最新版 Java 8函数式编程_最新版 Java 8函数式编程_最新版 Java 8函数式编程_最新版 Java 8函数式编程_最新版

2017-09-01

Oracle.PL.SQL程序设计_第五版_英文原版
Part I. Programming in PL/SQL 1. Introduction to PL/SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 What Is PL/SQL? 3 The Origins of PL/SQL 4 The Early Years of PL/SQL 4 Improved Application Portability 5 Improved Execution Authority and Transaction Integrity 5 Humble Beginnings, Steady Improvement 6 So This Is PL/SQL 7 Integration with SQL 7 Control and Conditional Logic 8 When Things Go Wrong 9 About PL/SQL Versions 10 Oracle Database 11g New Features 12 Resources for PL/SQL Developers 17 The O’Reilly PL/SQL Series 17 PL/SQL on the Internet 18 Some Words of Advice 19 Don’t Be in Such a Hurry! 20 Don’t Be Afraid to Ask for Help 21 Take a Creative, Even Radical Approach 22 。。。。

2017-09-01

Oracle.PL.SQL程序设计_第五版
Oracle.PL.SQL程序设计_第五版 Part I. Programming in PL/SQL 1. Introduction to PL/SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 What Is PL/SQL? 3 The Origins of PL/SQL 4 The Early Years of PL/SQL 4 Improved Application Portability 5 Improved Execution Authority and Transaction Integrity 5 Humble Beginnings, Steady Improvement 6 So This Is PL/SQL 7 Integration with SQL 7 Control and Conditional Logic 8 When Things Go Wrong 9 About PL/SQL Versions 10 Oracle Database 11g New Features 12 Resources for PL/SQL Developers 17 The O’Reilly PL/SQL Series 17 PL/SQL on the Internet 18 Some Words of Advice 19 Don’t Be in Such a Hurry! 20 Don’t Be Afraid to Ask for Help 21 Take a Creative, Even Radical Approach 22 2. Creating and Running PL/SQL Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Navigating the Database 23 Creating and Editing Source Code 24 SQL*Plus 25 Starting Up SQL*Plus 26 Running a SQL Statement 28 vii Download at WoweBook.Com Running a PL/SQL Program 28 Running a Script 30 What Is the “Current Directory”? 31 Other SQL*Plus Tasks 32 Error Handling in SQL*Plus 36 Why You Will Love and Hate SQL*Plus 37 Performing Essential PL/SQL Tasks 38 Creating a Stored Program 38 Executing a Stored Program 41 Showing Stored Programs 42 Managing Grants and Synonyms for Stored Programs 43 Dropping a Stored Program 44 Hiding the Source Code of a Stored Program 44 Editing Environments for PL/SQL 45 Calling PL/SQL from Other Languages 46 C: Using Oracle’s Precompiler (Pro*C) 47 Java: Using JDBC 48 Perl: Using Perl DBI and DBD::Oracle 49 PHP: Using Oracle Extensions 50 PL/SQL Server Pages 51 And Where Else? 52 3. Language Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 PL/SQL Block Structure 53 Anonymous Blocks 54 Named Blocks 56 Nested Blocks 57 Scope 58 Qualify all References to Variables and Columns in SQL Statements 59 Visibility 61 The PL/SQL Character Set 64 Identifiers 66 Reserved Words 68 Whitespace and Keywords 69 Literals 70 NULLs 71 Embedding Single Quotes Inside a Literal String 72 Numeric Literals 73 Boolean Literals 73 The Semicolon Delimiter 74 Comments 75 Single-Line Comment Syntax 75 Multiline Comment Syntax 75 viii | Table of Contents Download at WoweBook.Com The PRAGMA Keyword 76 Labels 77 Part II. PL/SQL Program Structure 4. Conditional and Sequential Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 IF Statements 81 The IF-THEN Combination 82 The IF-THEN-ELSE Combination 84 The IF-THEN-ELSIF Combination 85 Avoiding IF Syntax Gotchas 86 Nested IF Statements 88 Short-Circuit Evaluation 89 CASE Statements and Expressions 90 Simple CASE Statements 91 Searched CASE Statements 93 Nested CASE Statements 95 CASE Expressions 95 The GOTO Statement 97 The NULL Statement 98 Improving Program Readability 99 Using NULL After a Label 99 5. Iterative Processing with Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Loop Basics 101 Examples of Different Loops 102 Structure of PL/SQL Loops 103 The Simple Loop 104 Terminating a Simple Loop: EXIT and EXIT WHEN 105 Emulating a REPEAT UNTIL Loop 106 The Intentionally Infinite Loop 106 The WHILE Loop 108 The Numeric FOR Loop 109 Rules for Numeric FOR Loops 110 Examples of Numeric FOR Loops 111 Handling Nontrivial Increments 112 The Cursor FOR Loop 112 Example of Cursor FOR Loops 114 Loop Labels 115 The CONTINUE Statement 116 Tips for Iterative Processing 119 Use Understandable Names for Loop Indexes 119 Table of Contents | ix Download at WoweBook.Com The Proper Way to Say Goodbye 120 Obtaining Information About FOR Loop Execution 121 SQL Statement as Loop 122 6. Exception Handlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Exception-Handling Concepts and Terminology 125 Defining Exceptions 127 Declaring Named Exceptions 128 Associating Exception Names with Error Codes 129 About Named System Exceptions 132 Scope of an Exception 134 Raising Exceptions 135 The RAISE Statement 136 Using RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR 137 Handling Exceptions 138 Built-in Error Functions 139 Combining Multiple Exceptions in a Single Handler 144 Unhandled Exceptions 145 Propagation of Unhandled Exceptions 145 Continuing Past Exceptions 148 Writing WHEN OTHERS Handling Code 150 Building an Effective Error Management Architecture 152 Decide on Your Error Management Strategy 153 Standardize Handling of Different Types of Exceptions 154 Organize Use of Application-Specific Error Codes 157 Use Standardized Error Management Programs 157 Work with Your Own Exception “Objects” 159 Create Standard Templates for Common Error Handling 162 Making the Most of PL/SQL Error Management 164 Part III. PL/SQL Program Data 7. Working with Program Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Naming Your Program Data 167 Overview of PL/SQL Datatypes 169 Character Data 170 Numbers 170 Dates, Timestamps, and Intervals 172 Booleans 172 Binary Data 172 ROWIDs 173 REF CURSORs 173 x | Table of Contents Download at WoweBook.Com Internet Datatypes 174 “Any” Datatypes 174 User-Defined Datatypes 174 Declaring Program Data 175 Declaring a Variable 175 Declaring Constants 176 The NOT NULL Clause 177 Anchored Declarations 177 Anchoring to Cursors and Tables 179 Benefits of Anchored Declarations 180 Anchoring to NOT NULL Datatypes 181 Programmer-Defined Subtypes 182 Conversion Between Datatypes 183 Implicit Data Conversion 183 Explicit Datatype Conversion 185 8. Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 String Datatypes 191 The VARCHAR2 Datatype 192 The CHAR Datatype 193 String Subtypes 194 Working with Strings 195 Specifying String Constants 195 Using Nonprintable Characters 197 Concatenating Strings 198 Dealing with Case 199 Traditional Searching, Extracting, and Replacing 202 Padding 204 Trimming 206 Regular Expression Searching, Extracting, and Replacing 207 Working with Empty Strings 218 Mixing CHAR and VARCHAR2 Values 219 String Function Quick Reference 222 9. Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Numeric Datatypes 231 The NUMBER Type 232 The PLS_INTEGER Type 237 The BINARY_INTEGER Type 238 The SIMPLE_INTEGER Type 239 The BINARY_FLOAT and BINARY_DOUBLE Types 241 The SIMPLE_FLOAT and SIMPLE_DOUBLE Types 246 Numeric Subtypes 246 Table of Contents | xi Download at WoweBook.Com Number Conversions 247 The TO_NUMBER Function 247 The TO_CHAR Function 251 The CAST Function 256 Implicit Conversions 257 Numeric Operators 259 Numeric Functions 260 Rounding and Truncation Functions 260 Trigonometric Functions 261 Numeric Function Quick Reference 261 10. Dates and Timestamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Datetime Datatypes 267 Declaring Datetime Variables 270 Choosing a Datetime Datatype 271 Getting the Current Date and Time 272 Interval Datatypes 274 Declaring INTERVAL Variables 275 When to Use INTERVALs 276 Datetime Conversions 278 From Strings to Datetimes 279 From Datetimes to Strings 281 Working with Time Zones 284 Requiring a Format Mask to Match Exactly 287 Easing Up on Exact Matches 288 Interpreting Two-Digit Years in a Sliding Window 288 Converting Time Zones to Character Strings 290 Padding Output with Fill Mode 291 Date and Timestamp Literals 291 Interval Conversions 292 Converting from Numbers to Intervals 293 Converting Strings to Intervals 294 Formatting Intervals for Display 295 Interval Literals 295 CAST and EXTRACT 297 The CAST Function 297 The EXTRACT Function 299 Datetime Arithmetic 300 Date Arithmetic with Intervals and Datetimes 300 Date Arithmetic with DATE Datatypes 301 Computing the Interval Between Two Datetimes 302 Mixing DATEs and TIMESTAMPs 304 Adding and Subtracting Intervals 305 xii | Table of Contents Download at WoweBook.Com Multiplying and Dividing Intervals 306 Using Unconstrained INTERVAL Types 306 Date/Time Function Quick Reference 308 11. Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Records in PL/SQL 311 Benefits of Using Records 312 Declaring Records 314 Programmer-Defined Records 315 Working with Records 318 Comparing Records 325 Trigger Pseudo-Records 326 12. Collections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Collections Overview 328 Collections Concepts and Terminology 328 Types of Collections 330 Collection Examples 331 Where You Can Use Collections 335 Choosing a Collection Type 340 Collection Methods (Built-ins) 341 The COUNT Method 343 The DELETE Method 343 The EXISTS Method 345 The EXTEND Method 345 The FIRST and LAST Methods 346 The LIMIT Method 347 The PRIOR and NEXT Methods 348 The TRIM Method 349 Working with Collections 350 Declaring Collection Types 350 Declaring and Initializing Collection Variables 355 Populating Collections with Data 359 Accessing Data Inside a Collection 364 Using String-Indexed Collections 365 Collections of Complex Datatypes 370 Multilevel Collections 374 Working with Collections in SQL 382 Nested Table Multiset Operations 387 Testing Equality and Membership of Nested Tables 389 Checking for Membership of an Element in a Nested Table 390 Performing High-Level Set Operations 390 Handling Duplicates in a Nested Table 392 Table of Contents | xiii Download at WoweBook.Com Maintaining Schema-Level Collections 393 Necessary Privileges 393 Collections and the Data Dictionary 394 13. Miscellaneous Datatypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 The BOOLEAN Datatype 395 The RAW Datatype 396 The UROWID and ROWID Datatypes 397 Getting ROWIDs 398 Using ROWIDs 398 The LOB Datatypes 400 Working with LOBs 401 Understanding LOB Locators 403 Empty Versus NULL LOBs 405 Writing into a LOB 407 Reading from a LOB 409 BFILEs Are Different 410 SecureFiles Versus BasicFiles 415 Temporary LOBs 417 Native LOB Operations 421 LOB Conversion Functions 425 Predefined Object Types 426 The XMLType Type 426 The URI Types 430 The Any Types 431 Part IV. SQL in PL/SQL 14. DML and Transaction Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 DML in PL/SQL 440 A Quick Introduction to DML 440 Cursor Attributes for DML Operations 444 RETURNING Information from DML Statements 445 DML and Exception Handling 446 DML and Records 447 Transaction Management 450 The COMMIT Statement 451 The ROLLBACK Statement 451 The SAVEPOINT Statement 452 The SET TRANSACTION Statement 453 The LOCK TABLE Statement 454 Autonomous Transactions 454 xiv | Table of Contents Download at WoweBook.Com Defining Autonomous Transactions 455 Rules and Restrictions on Autonomous Transactions 456 Transaction Visibility 457 When to Use Autonomous Transactions 458 Building an Autonomous Logging Mechanism 459 15. Data Retrieval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 Cursor Basics 464 Some Data Retrieval Terms 465 Typical Query Operations 466 Introduction to Cursor Attributes 467 Referencing PL/SQL Variables in a Cursor 470 Choosing Between Explicit and Implicit Cursors 471 Working with Implicit Cursors 471 Implicit Cursor Examples 472 Error Handling with Implicit Cursors 473 Implicit SQL Cursor Attributes 476 Working with Explicit Cursors 477 Declaring Explicit Cursors 479 Opening Explicit Cursors 482 Fetching from Explicit Cursors 483 Column Aliases in Explicit Cursors 484 Closing Explicit Cursors 485 Explicit Cursor Attributes 487 Cursor Parameters 489 SELECT...FOR UPDATE 492 Releasing Locks with COMMIT 494 The WHERE CURRENT OF Clause 495 Cursor Variables and REF CURSORs 496 Why Cursor Variables? 497 Similarities to Static Cursors 498 Declaring REF CURSOR Types 498 Declaring Cursor Variables 499 Opening Cursor Variables 500 Fetching from Cursor Variables 501 Rules for Cursor Variables 504 Passing Cursor Variables as Arguments 507 Cursor Variable Restrictions 509 Cursor Expressions 509 Using Cursor Expressions 510 Restrictions on Cursor Expressions 512 Table of Contents | xv Download at WoweBook.Com 16. Dynamic SQL and Dynamic PL/SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 NDS Statements 514 The EXECUTE IMMEDIATE Statement 514 The OPEN FOR Statement 517 About the Four Dynamic SQL Methods 523 Binding Variables 525 Argument Modes 526 Duplicate Placeholders 527 Passing NULL Values 528 Working with Objects and Collections 529 Dynamic PL/SQL 531 Build Dynamic PL/SQL Blocks 532 Replace Repetitive Code with Dynamic Blocks 534 Recommendations for NDS 535 Use Invoker Rights for Shared Programs 535 Anticipate and Handle Dynamic Errors 536 Use Binding Rather Than Concatenation 538 Minimize the Dangers of Code Injection 540 When to Use DBMS_SQL 543 Parse Very Long Strings 543 Obtain Information About Query Columns 544 Meet Method 4 Dynamic SQL Requirements 546 Minimize Parsing of Dynamic Cursors 552 Oracle Database 11g New Features 554 DBMS_SQL.TO_REFCURSOR Function 554 DBMS_SQL.TO_CURSOR Function 556 Enhanced Security for DBMS_SQL 558 Part V. PL/SQL Application Construction 17. Procedures, Functions, and Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565 Modular Code 566 Procedures 567 Calling a Procedure 568 The Procedure Header 569 The Procedure Body 570 The END Label 570 The RETURN Statement 571 Functions 571 Structure of a Function 571 The RETURN Datatype 573 The END Label 575 xvi | Table of Contents Download at WoweBook.Com Calling a Function 575 Functions Without Parameters 576 The Function Header 577 The Function Body 577 The RETURN Statement 578 Parameters 579 Defining Parameters 580 Actual and Formal Parameters 581 Parameter Modes 582 Explicit Association of Actual and Formal Parameters in PL/SQL 585 The NOCOPY Parameter Mode Qualifier 589 Default Values 589 Local or Nested Modules 590 Benefits of Local Modularization 591 Scope of Local Modules 594 Sprucing Up Your Code with Local Modules 594 Module Overloading 595 Benefits of Overloading 596 Restrictions on Overloading 599 Overloading with Numeric Types 600 Forward Declarations 601 Advanced Topics 602 Calling Your Function From Inside SQL 602 Table Functions 605 Deterministic Functions 615 Go Forth and Modularize! 616 18. Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617 Why Packages? 617 Demonstrating the Power of the Package 618 Some Package-Related Concepts 621 Diagramming Privacy 623 Rules for Building Packages 624 The Package Specification 624 The Package Body 626 Initializing Packages 627 Rules for Calling Packaged Elements 632 Working with Package Data 633 Global Within a Single Oracle Session 633 Global Public Data 634 Packaged Cursors 635 Serializable Packages 639 When to Use Packages 642 Table of Contents | xvii Download at WoweBook.Com Encapsulate Data Access 642 Avoid Hardcoding Literals 645 Improve Usability of Built-in Features 647 Group Together Logically Related Functionality 648 Cache Static Session Data 649 Packages and Object Types 650 19. Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651 DML Triggers 652 DML Trigger Concepts 653 Creating a DML Trigger 655 DML Trigger Example: No Cheating Allowed! 660 Multiple Triggers of the Same Type 665 Who Follows Whom 666 Mutating Table Errors 668 Compound Triggers: Putting It All In One Place 669 DDL Triggers 673 Creating a DDL Trigger 673 Available Events 676 Available Attributes 676 Working with Events and Attributes 678 Dropping the Undroppable 681 The INSTEAD OF CREATE Trigger 682 Database Event Triggers 683 Creating a Database Event Trigger 683 The STARTUP Trigger 685 The SHUTDOWN Trigger 685 The LOGON Trigger 685 The LOGOFF Trigger 686 The SERVERERROR Trigger 686 INSTEAD OF Triggers 690 Creating an INSTEAD OF Trigger 690 The INSTEAD OF INSERT Trigger 692 The INSTEAD OF UPDATE Trigger 694 The INSTEAD OF DELETE Trigger 695 Populating the Tables 695 INSTEAD OF Triggers on Nested Tables 696 AFTER SUSPEND Triggers 697 Setting Up for the AFTER SUSPEND Trigger 698 Looking at the Actual Trigger 700 The ORA_SPACE_ERROR_INFO Function 701 The DBMS_RESUMABLE Package 702 Trapped Multiple Times 703 xviii | Table of Contents Download at WoweBook.Com To Fix or Not to Fix? 704 Maintaining Triggers 705 Disabling, Enabling, and Dropping Triggers 705 Creating Disabled Triggers 706 Viewing Triggers 706 Checking the Validity of Triggers 707 20. Managing PL/SQL Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709 Managing Code in the Database 710 Overview of Data Dictionary Views 711 Display Information About Stored Objects 712 Display and Search Source Code 713 Use Program Size to Determine Pinning Requirements 715 Obtain Properties of Stored Code 715 Analyze and Modify Trigger State Through Views 716 Analyze Argument Information 717 Analyze Identifier Usage (Oracle Database 11g’s PL/Scope) 719 Managing Dependencies and Recompiling Code 721 Analyzing Dependencies with Data Dictionary Views 722 Fine-Grained Dependency (Oracle Database 11g) 726 Remote Dependencies 727 Limitations of Oracle’s Remote Invocation Model 730 Recompiling Invalid Program Units 731 Compile-Time Warnings 735 A Quick Example 735 Enabling Compile-Time Warnings 736 Some Handy Warnings 738 Testing PL/SQL Programs 746 Typical, Tawdry Testing Techniques 747 General Advice for Testing PL/SQL Code 751 Automated Testing Options for PL/SQL 752 Testing with utPLSQL 753 Testing with Quest Code Tester for Oracle 755 Tracing PL/SQL Execution 756 DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO 759 Quest Error Manager Tracing 761 The DBMS_TRACE Facility 763 Debugging PL/SQL Programs 766 The Wrong Way to Debug 767 Debugging Tips and Strategies 769 Protecting Stored Code 774 Restrictions on and Limitations of Wrapping 774 Using the Wrap Executable 775 Table of Contents | xix Download at WoweBook.Com Dynamic Wrapping with DBMS_DDL 775 Guidelines for Working with Wrapped Code 776 Introduction to Edition-Based Redefinition (Oracle Database 11g Release 2) 777 21. Optimizing PL/SQL Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781 Tools to Assist in Optimization 783 Analyzing Memory Usage 783 Identifying Bottlenecks in PL/SQL Code 783 Calculating Elapsed Time 788 Choosing the Fastest Program 790 Avoiding Infinite Loops 792 Performance-Related Warnings 793 The Optimizing Compiler 793 Insights on How the Optimizer Works 795 Runtime Optimization of Fetch Loops 798 Data Caching Techniques 799 Package-Based Caching 800 Deterministic Function Caching 805 Function Result Cache (Oracle Database 11g) 807 Caching Summary 819 Bulk Processing for Multirow SQL 820 High Speed Querying with BULK COLLECT 821 High Speed DML with FORALL 828 Improving Performance With Pipelined Table Functions 838 Replacing Row-Based Inserts with Pipelined Function-Based Loads 839 Tuning Merge Operations with Pipelined Functions 846 Asynchronous Data Unloading with Parallel Pipelined Functions 848 Performance Implications of Partitioning and Streaming Clauses in Parallel Pipelined Functions 851 Pipelined Functions and the Cost-Based Optimizer 853 Tuning Complex Data Loads with Pipelined Functions 859 A Final Word on Pipelined Functions 866 Specialized Optimization Techniques 866 Using the NOCOPY Parameter Mode Hint 867 Using the Right Datatype 870 Stepping Back for the Big Picture on Performance 871 22. I/O and PL/SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 Displaying Information 873 Enabling DBMS_OUTPUT 874 Write Lines to the Buffer 874 Read the Contents of the Buffer 875 xx | Table of Contents Download at WoweBook.Com Reading and Writing Files 876 The UTL_FILE_DIR Parameter 877 Work with Oracle Directories 879 Open Files 880 Is the File Already Open? 882 Close Files 882 Read from Files 883 Write to Files 885 Copy Files 888 Delete Files 889 Rename and Move Files 890 Retrieve File Attributes 890 Sending Email 891 Oracle Prerequisites 893 Configuring Network Security 893 Send a Short (32,767 or Less) Plaintext Message 894 Include “Friendly” Names in Email Addresses 896 Send a Plaintext Message of Arbitrary Length 897 Send a Message with a Short (< 32,767) Attachment 898 Send a Small File (< 32767) as an Attachment 900 Attach a File of Arbitrary Size 900 Working with Web-Based Data (HTTP) 903 Retrieve a Web Page in “Pieces” 903 Retrieve a Web Page into a LOB 905 Authenticate Using HTTP Username/Password 906 Retrieve an SSL-Encrypted Web Page (Via HTTPS) 906 Submit Data to a Web Page via GET or POST 908 Disable Cookies or Make Cookies Persistent 912 Retrieve Data from an FTP Server 912 Use a Proxy Server 913 Other Types of I/O Available in PL/SQL 913 Database Pipes, Queues, and Alerts 914 TCP Sockets 914 Oracle’s Built-in Web Server 914 Part VI. Advanced PL/SQL Topics 23. Application Security and PL/SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919 Security Overview 919 Encryption 921 Key Length 922 Algorithms 923 Table of Contents | xxi Download at WoweBook.Com Padding and Chaining 924 The DBMS_CRYPTO Package 925 Encrypting Data 926 Encrypting LOBs 929 SecureFiles 930 Decrypting Data 930 Performing Key Generation 932 Performing Key Management 932 Cryptographic Hashing 938 Using Message Authentication Codes 940 Using Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) 941 Transparent Tablespace Encryption 944 Row-Level Security 945 Why Learn About RLS? 947 A Simple RLS Example 949 Using Dynamic Policies 953 Using Column-Sensitive RLS 957 RLS Debugging 960 Application Contexts 964 Using Application Contexts 965 Security in Contexts 966 Contexts as Predicates in RLS 967 Identifying Non-Database Users 970 Fine-Grained Auditing 972 Why Learn About FGA? 973 A Simple FGA Example 974 Access How Many Columns? 976 Checking the Audit Trail 977 Using Bind Variables 978 Using Handler Modules 979 24. PL/SQL Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981 Who (or What) is DIANA? 981 How Does Oracle Execute PL/SQL Code? 982 An Example 983 Compiler Limits 986 The Default Packages of PL/SQL 987 Execution Authority Models 990 The Definer Rights Model 990 The Invoker Rights Model 995 Combining Rights Models 997 Conditional Compilation 998 Examples of Conditional Compilation 999 xxii | Table of Contents Download at WoweBook.Com The Inquiry Directive 1000 The $IF Directive 1004 The $ERROR Directive 1005 Synchronizing Code with Packaged Constants 1006 Program-Specific Settings with Inquiry Directives 1006 Working with Postprocessed Code 1008 PL/SQL and Database Instance Memory 1009 PGA, UGA, and CGA 1010 Cursors, Memory, and More 1011 Tips on Reducing Memory Use 1013 What to Do if You Run Out of Memory 1024 Native Compilation 1027 When to Run Interpreted Mode 1027 When to Go Native 1028 Native Compilation and Database Release 1028 What You Need to Know 1029 25. Globalization and Localization in PL/SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031 Overview and Terminology 1033 Unicode Primer 1034 National Character Set Datatypes 1036 Character Encoding 1036 Globalization Support Parameters 1037 Unicode Functions 1038 Character Semantics 1045 String Sort Order 1049 Binary Sort 1050 Monolingual Sort 1050 Multilingual Sort 1053 Multilingual Information Retrieval 1054 IR and PL/SQL 1056 Date/Time 1059 Timestamp Datatypes 1059 Date/Time Formatting 1060 Currency Conversion 1064 Globalization Development Kit for PL/SQL 1066 UTL_118N Utility Package 1066 UTL_LMS Error-Handling Package 1069 GDK Implementation Options 1070 26. Object-Oriented Aspects of PL/SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073 Introduction to Oracle’s Object Features 1073 Object Types by Example 1075 Table of Contents | xxiii Download at WoweBook.Com Creating a Base Type 1076 Creating a Subtype 1078 Methods 1079 Invoking Supertype Methods in Oracle Database 11g 1084 Storing, Retrieving, and Using Persistent Objects 1085 Evolution and Creation 1093 Back to Pointers? 1095 Generic Data: The ANY Types 1102 I Can Do It Myself 1106 Comparing Objects 1110 Object Views 1115 A Sample Relational System 1116 Object View with a Collection Attribute 1118 Object Subview 1121 Object View with Inverse Relationship 1122 INSTEAD OF Triggers 1123 Differences Between Object Views and Object Tables 1125 Maintaining Object Types and Object Views 1127 Data Dictionary 1127 Privileges 1128 Concluding Thoughts from a (Mostly) Relational Developer 1130 27. Calling Java from PL/SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1133 Oracle and Java 1133 Getting Ready to Use Java in Oracle 1135 Installing Java 1135 Building and Compiling Your Java Code 1136 Setting Permissions for Java Development and Execution 1137 A Simple Demonstration 1139 Finding the Java Functionality 1140 Building a Custom Java Class 1140 Compiling and Loading into Oracle 1142 Building a PL/SQL Wrapper 1144 Deleting Files from PL/SQL 1145 Using loadjava 1146 Using dropjava 1148 Managing Java in the Database 1148 The Java Namespace in Oracle 1148 Examining Loaded Java Elements 1149 Using DBMS_JAVA 1150 LONGNAME: Converting Java Long Names 1151 GET_, SET_, and RESET_COMPILER_OPTION: Getting and Setting (a Few) Compiler Options 1151 xxiv | Table of Contents Download at WoweBook.Com SET_OUTPUT: Enabling Output from Java 1152 EXPORT_SOURCE, EXPORT_RESOURCE, and EXPORT_CLASS: Exporting Schema Objects 1153 Publishing and Using Java in PL/SQL 1155 Call Specs 1155 Some Rules for Call Specs 1157 Mapping Datatypes 1157 Calling a Java Method in SQL 1159 Exception Handling with Java 1160 Extending File I/O Capabilities 1163 Other Examples 1167 28. External Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171 Introduction to External Procedures 1172 Example: Invoking an Operating System Command 1172 Architecture of External Procedures 1174 The Oracle Net Configuration 1176 Specifying the Listener Configuration 1176 Security Characteristics of the Configuration 1178 Setting Up Multithreaded Mode 1179 Creating an Oracle Library 1182 Writing the Call Specification 1183 The Call Spec: Overall Syntax 1184 Parameter Mapping: The Example Revisited 1186 Parameter Mapping: The Full Story 1188 More Syntax: The PARAMETERS Clause 1189 PARAMETERS Properties 1190 Raising an Exception from the Called C Program 1193 Nondefault Agents 1196 Maintaining External Procedures 1199 Dropping Libraries 1199 Data Dictionary 1200 Rules and Warnings 1200 A. Regular Expression Metacharacters and Function Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203 B. Number Format Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1209 C. Date Format Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1213 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219

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大型分布式网站架构设计与实践.带目录书签.完整版 第1章 面向服务的体系架构（SOA） 第2章 分布式系统基础设施 第3章 互联网安全架构 。。。

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Dubbo分布式事务处理 解决方案的效果演示 分布式事务问题的困扰 分布式事务解决方案应用场景 实现分布式事解决方案的支付系统样例项目部署环境

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Java编程思想第四版完整中文高清版(免费).pdf
完整详实高清的Java编程思想四版 《THINKING IN JAVA》中文版.............................................................................................................................................1 写在前面的话 ..............................................................................................................................................................................6 引 言 ................................................................................................................................................................................................8 1. 前提......................................................................................................................................................................................8 2. Java 的学习.........................................................................................................................................................................8 3. 目标......................................................................................................................................................................................8 4. 联机文档.............................................................................................................................................................................9 5. 章节......................................................................................................................................................................................9 6. 练习....................................................................................................................................................................................12 7. 多媒体CD-ROM .............................................................................................................................................................12 8. 源代码................................................................................................................................................................................12 9. 编码样式...........................................................................................................................................................................14 10. Java 版本.........................................................................................................................................................................14 11. 课程和培训.....................................................................................................................................................................14 12. 错误..................................................................................................................................................................................14 13. 封面设计.........................................................................................................................................................................15 14. 致谢..................................................................................................................................................................................15 第 1 章对象入门.......................................................................................................................................................................27 1.1 抽象的进步.....................................................................................................................................................................27 1.2 对象的接口.....................................................................................................................................................................28 1.3 实现方案的隐藏............................................................................................................................................................29 1.4 方案的重复使用............................................................................................................................................................30 1.5 继承：重新使用接口...................................................................................................................................................30 1.5.1 改善基础类.............................................................................................................................................................. 30 1.5.2 等价与类似关系..................................................................................................................................................... 31 1.6 多形对象的互换使用...................................................................................................................................................31 1.6.1 动态绑定.................................................................................................................................................................. 32 1.6.2 抽象的基础类和接口............................................................................................................................................ 32 1.7 对象的创建和存在时间...............................................................................................................................................33 1.7.1 集合与继承器......................................................................................................................................................... 33 1.7.2 单根结构.................................................................................................................................................................. 34 1.7.3 集合库与方便使用集合........................................................................................................................................ 35 1.7.4 清除时的困境：由谁负责清除？ ...................................................................................................................... 35 1.8 违例控制：解决错误...................................................................................................................................................36 1.9 多线程..............................................................................................................................................................................37 1.10 永久性...........................................................................................................................................................................37 1.11 Java 和因特网..............................................................................................................................................................37 1.11.1 什么是Web？ ...................................................................................................................................................... 37 1.11.2 客户端编程（注释⑧） ..................................................................................................................................... 38 1.11.3 服务器端编程....................................................................................................................................................... 41 1.11.4 一个独立的领域：应用程序............................................................................................................................. 41 1.12 分析和设计...................................................................................................................................................................42 1.12.1 不要迷失................................................................................................................................................................ 42 1.12.2 阶段0：拟出一个计划....................................................................................................................................... 42 1.12.3 阶段1：要制作什么？....................................................................................................................................... 43 1.12.4 阶段2：如何构建？ ........................................................................................................................................... 43 1.12.5 阶段3：开始创建............................................................................................................................................... 44 1.12.6 阶段4：校订........................................................................................................................................................ 44 1.12.7 计划的回报........................................................................................................................................................... 45 1.13 Java 还是C++？........................................................................................................................................................45 18 第2 章一切都是对象 ..............................................................................................................................................................46 2.1 用句柄操纵对象............................................................................................................................................................46 2.2 所有对象都必须创建...................................................................................................................................................46 2.2.1 保存到什么地方..................................................................................................................................................... 46 2.2.2 特殊情况：主要类型............................................................................................................................................ 47 2.2.3 Java 的数组............................................................................................................................................................. 48 2.3 绝对不要清除对象.......................................................................................................................................................48 2.3.1 作用域...................................................................................................................................................................... 48 2.3.2 对象的作用域......................................................................................................................................................... 49 2.4 新建数据类型：类.......................................................................................................................................................49 2.4.1 字段和方法.............................................................................................................................................................. 49 2.5 方法、自变量和返回值...............................................................................................................................................50 2.5.1 自变量列表.............................................................................................................................................................. 51 2.6 构建Java 程序...............................................................................................................................................................52 2.6.1 名字的可见性......................................................................................................................................................... 52 2.6.2 使用其他组件......................................................................................................................................................... 52 2.6.3 static 关键字............................................................................................................................................................ 52 2.7 我们的第一个Java 程序.............................................................................................................................................53 2.8 注释和嵌入文档............................................................................................................................................................55 2.8.1 注释文档.................................................................................................................................................................. 56 2.8.2 具体语法.................................................................................................................................................................. 56 2.8.3 嵌入HTML............................................................................................................................................................. 56 2.8.4 @see：引用其他类............................................................................................................................................... 57 2.8.5 类文档标记.............................................................................................................................................................. 57 2.8.6 变量文档标记......................................................................................................................................................... 57 2.8.7 方法文档标记......................................................................................................................................................... 57 2.8.8 文档示例.................................................................................................................................................................. 58 2.9 编码样式.........................................................................................................................................................................59 2.10 总结................................................................................................................................................................................59 2.11 练习................................................................................................................................................................................59 第 3 章控制程序流程 ..............................................................................................................................................................60 3.1 使用Java 运算符..........................................................................................................................................................60 3.1.1 优先级...................................................................................................................................................................... 60 3.1.2 赋值........................................................................................................................................................................... 60 3.1.3 算术运算符.............................................................................................................................................................. 62 3.1.4 自动递增和递减..................................................................................................................................................... 64 3.1.5 关系运算符.............................................................................................................................................................. 65 3.1.6 逻辑运算符.............................................................................................................................................................. 66 3.1.7 按位运算符.............................................................................................................................................................. 68 3.1.8 移位运算符.............................................................................................................................................................. 68 3.1.9 三元if-else 运算符................................................................................................................................................ 71 3.1.10 逗号运算符........................................................................................................................................................... 72 3.1.11 字串运算符+......................................................................................................................................................... 72 3.1.12 运算符常规操作规则.......................................................................................................................................... 72 3.1.13 造型运算符........................................................................................................................................................... 73 3.1.14 Java 没有“sizeof” ............................................................................................................................................ 74 3.1.15 复习计算顺序....................................................................................................................................................... 75 3.1.16 运算符总结........................................................................................................................................................... 75 3.2 执行控制.........................................................................................................................................................................84 3.2.1 真和假...................................................................................................................................................................... 84 3.2.2 if-else........................................................................................................................................................................ 84 3.2.3 反复........................................................................................................................................................................... 85 19 3.2.4 do-while.................................................................................................................................................................... 85 3.2.5 for.............................................................................................................................................................................. 86 3.2.6 中断和继续.............................................................................................................................................................. 87 3.2.7 开关........................................................................................................................................................................... 91 3.3 总结..................................................................................................................................................................................94 3.4 练习..................................................................................................................................................................................94 第 4 章初始化和清除 ..............................................................................................................................................................95 4.1 用构建器自动初始化...................................................................................................................................................95 4.2 方法过载.........................................................................................................................................................................96 4.2.1 区分过载方法......................................................................................................................................................... 97 4.2.2 主类型的过载......................................................................................................................................................... 98 4.2.3 返回值过载............................................................................................................................................................ 101 4.2.4 默认构建器............................................................................................................................................................ 102 4.2.5 this 关键字............................................................................................................................................................. 102 4.3 清除：收尾和垃圾收集............................................................................................................................................105 4.3.1 finalize()用途何在................................................................................................................................................ 105 4.3.2 必须执行清除....................................................................................................................................................... 106 4.4 成员初始化..................................................................................................................................................................108 4.4.1 规定初始化............................................................................................................................................................ 109 4.4.2 构建器初始化....................................................................................................................................................... 111 4.5 数组初始化..................................................................................................................................................................116 4.5.1 多维数组................................................................................................................................................................ 119 4.6 总结...............................................................................................................................................................................121 4.7 练习...............................................................................................................................................................................121 第 5 章隐藏实施过程 ...........................................................................................................................................................123 5.1 包：库单元..................................................................................................................................................................123 5.1.1 创建独一无二的包名.......................................................................................................................................... 124 5.1.2 自定义工具库....................................................................................................................................................... 126 5.1.3 利用导入改变行为.............................................................................................................................................. 128 5.1.4 包的停用................................................................................................................................................................ 130 5.2 Java 访问指示符........................................................................................................................................................130 5.2.1 “友好的”............................................................................................................................................................ 130 5.2.2 public：接口访问................................................................................................................................................ 131 5.2.3 private：不能接触！........................................................................................................................................... 132 5.2.4 protected：“友好的一种”.............................................................................................................................. 133 5.3 接口与实现..................................................................................................................................................................134 5.4 类访问...........................................................................................................................................................................135 5.5 总结...............................................................................................................................................................................136 5.6 练习...............................................................................................................................................................................137 第 6 章类再生 ........................................................................................................................................................................139 6.1 合成的语法..................................................................................................................................................................139 6.2 继承的语法..................................................................................................................................................................141 6.2.1 初始化基础类....................................................................................................................................................... 143 6.3 合成与继承的结合....................................................................................................................................................145 6.3.1 确保正确的清除................................................................................................................................................... 146 6.3.2 名字的隐藏............................................................................................................................................................ 148 6.4 到底选择合成还是继承............................................................................................................................................149 6.5 protected ....................................................................................................................................................................... 150 6.6 累积开发......................................................................................................................................................................151 6.7 上溯造型......................................................................................................................................................................151 6.7.1 何谓“上溯造型”？.......................................................................................................................................... 152 6.8 final 关键字..................................................................................................................................................................152 6.8.1 final 数据................................................................................................................................................................ 152 20 6.8.2 final 方法................................................................................................................................................................ 155 6.8.3 final 类.................................................................................................................................................................... 156 6.8.4 final 的注意事项.................................................................................................................................................. 156 6.9 初始化和类装载.........................................................................................................................................................157 6.9.1 继承初始化............................................................................................................................................................ 157 6.10 总结.............................................................................................................................................................................158 6.11 练习.............................................................................................................................................................................159 第 7 章多形性 ........................................................................................................................................................................160 7.1 上溯造型......................................................................................................................................................................160 7.1.1 为什么要上溯造型.............................................................................................................................................. 161 7.2 深入理解......................................................................................................................................................................162 7.2.1 方法调用的绑定................................................................................................................................................... 163 7.2.2 产生正确的行为................................................................................................................................................... 163 7.2.3 扩展性.................................................................................................................................................................... 165 7.3 覆盖与过载..................................................................................................................................................................168 7.4 抽象类和方法.............................................................................................................................................................169 7.5 接口...............................................................................................................................................................................172 7.5.1 Java 的“多重继承”.......................................................................................................................................... 174 7.5.2 通过继承扩展接口.............................................................................................................................................. 176 7.5.3 常数分组................................................................................................................................................................ 177 7.5.4 初始化接口中的字段.......................................................................................................................................... 178 7.6 内部类...........................................................................................................................................................................179 7.6.1 内部类和上溯造型.............................................................................................................................................. 180 7.6.2 方法和作用域中的内部类................................................................................................................................. 181 7.6.3 链接到外部类....................................................................................................................................................... 186 7.6.4 static 内部类.......................................................................................................................................................... 187 7.6.5 引用外部类对象................................................................................................................................................... 189 7.6.6 从内部类继承....................................................................................................................................................... 190 7.6.7 内部类可以覆盖吗？.......................................................................................................................................... 190 7.6.8 内部类标识符....................................................................................................................................................... 192 7.6.9 为什么要用内部类：控制框架......................................................................................................................... 192 7.7 构建器和多形性.........................................................................................................................................................198 7.7.1 构建器的调用顺序.............................................................................................................................................. 198 7.7.2 继承和finalize() ................................................................................................................................................... 199 7.7.3 构建器内部的多形性方法的行为.................................................................................................................... 202 7.8 通过继承进行设计....................................................................................................................................................204 7.8.1 纯继承与扩展....................................................................................................................................................... 205 7.8.2 下溯造型与运行期类型标识............................................................................................................................. 206 7.9 总结...............................................................................................................................................................................208 7.10 练习.............................................................................................................................................................................208 第 8 章对象的容纳 ................................................................................................................................................................209 8.1 数组...............................................................................................................................................................................209 8.1.1 数组和第一类对象.............................................................................................................................................. 209 8.1.2 数组的返回............................................................................................................................................................ 212 8.2 集合...............................................................................................................................................................................213 8.2.1 缺点：类型未知................................................................................................................................................... 213 8.3 枚举器（反复器） ....................................................................................................................................................217 8.4 集合的类型..................................................................................................................................................................220 8.4.1 Vector..................................................................................................................................................................... 220 8.4.2 BitSet...................................................................................................................................................................... 221 8.4.3 Stack ....................................................................................................................................................................... 222 8.4.4 Hashtable................................................................................................................................................................223 8.4.5 再论枚举器............................................................................................................................................................ 228 21 8.5 排序...............................................................................................................................................................................229 8.6 通用集合库..................................................................................................................................................................232 8.7 新集合...........................................................................................................................................................................233 8.7.1 使用Collections................................................................................................................................................... 235 8.7.2 使用Lists............................................................................................................................................................... 238 8.7.3 使用Sets ................................................................................................................................................................ 242 8.7.4 使用Maps.............................................................................................................................................................. 244 8.7.5 决定实施方案....................................................................................................................................................... 247 8.7.6 未支持的操作....................................................................................................................................................... 253 8.7.7 排序和搜索............................................................................................................................................................ 255 8.7.8 实用工具................................................................................................................................................................ 259 8.8 总结...............................................................................................................................................................................261 8.9 练习...............................................................................................................................................................................262 第 9 章违例差错控制 ...........................................................................................................................................................263 9.1 基本违例......................................................................................................................................................................263 9.1.1 违例自变量............................................................................................................................................................ 264 9.2 违例的捕获..................................................................................................................................................................264 9.2.1 try 块....................................................................................................................................................................... 264 9.2.2 违例控制器............................................................................................................................................................ 265 9.2.3 违例规范................................................................................................................................................................ 265 9.2.4 捕获所有违例....................................................................................................................................................... 266 9.2.5 重新“掷”出违例.............................................................................................................................................. 267 9.3 标准 Java 违例............................................................................................................................................................ 270 9.3.1 RuntimeException 的特殊情况......................................................................................................................... 270 9.4 创建自己的违例.........................................................................................................................................................271 9.5 违例的限制..................................................................................................................................................................274 9.6 用finally 清除.............................................................................................................................................................276 9.6.1 用finally 做什么.................................................................................................................................................. 277 9.6.2 缺点：丢失的违例.............................................................................................................................................. 279 9.7 构建器...........................................................................................................................................................................280 9.8 违例匹配......................................................................................................................................................................283 9.8.1 违例准则................................................................................................................................................................ 284 9.9 总结...............................................................................................................................................................................284 9.10 练习.............................................................................................................................................................................284 第 10 章JAVA IO 系统.........................................................................................................................................................285 10.1 输入和输出................................................................................................................................................................285 10.1.1 InputStream的类型........................................................................................................................................... 285 10.1.2 OutputStream的类型........................................................................................................................................ 286 10.2 增添属性和有用的接口.........................................................................................................................................286 10.2.1 通过FilterInputStream 从InputStream里读入数据................................................................................... 287 10.2.2 通过FilterOutputStream 向OutputStream 里写入数据............................................................................. 287 10.3 本身的缺陷：RandomAccessFile.........................................................................................................................288 10.4 File 类.........................................................................................................................................................................288 10.4.1 目录列表器......................................................................................................................................................... 288 10.4.2 检查与创建目录.................................................................................................................................................292 10.5 IO 流的典型应用......................................................................................................................................................294 10.5.1 输入流.................................................................................................................................................................. 296 10.5.2 输出流.................................................................................................................................................................. 298 10.5.3 快捷文件处理..................................................................................................................................................... 298 10.5.4 从标准输入中读取数据.................................................................................................................................... 300 10.5.5 管道数据流......................................................................................................................................................... 300 10.6 StreamTokenizer........................................................................................................................................................300 22 10.6.1 StringTokenizer .................................................................................................................................................. 303 10.7 Java 1.1 的IO 流......................................................................................................................................................305 10.7.1 数据的发起与接收............................................................................................................................................ 305 10.7.2 修改数据流的行为............................................................................................................................................ 306 10.7.3 未改变的类......................................................................................................................................................... 306 10.7.4 一个例子.............................................................................................................................................................. 307 10.7.5 重导向标准IO.................................................................................................................................................... 310 10.8 压缩.............................................................................................................................................................................311 10.8.1 用GZIP 进行简单压缩..................................................................................................................................... 311 10.8.2 用Zip 进行多文件保存.................................................................................................................................... 312 10.8.3 Java 归档（jar）实用程序............................................................................................................................... 314 10.9 对象序列化................................................................................................................................................................315 10.9.1 寻找类.................................................................................................................................................................. 318 10.9.2 序列化的控制..................................................................................................................................................... 319 10.9.3 利用“持久性”.................................................................................................................................................326 10.10 总结...........................................................................................................................................................................332 10.11 练习...........................................................................................................................................................................332 第 11 章运行期类型鉴定.....................................................................................................................................................333 11.1 对RTTI 的需要.........................................................................................................................................................333 11.1.1 Class 对象............................................................................................................................................................ 334 11.1.2 造型前的检查..................................................................................................................................................... 337 11.2 RTTI 语法...................................................................................................................................................................342 11.3 反射：运行期类信息..............................................................................................................................................343 11.3.1 一个类方法提取器............................................................................................................................................ 344 11.4 总结.............................................................................................................................................................................347 11.5 练习.............................................................................................................................................................................348 第 12 章传递和返回对象.....................................................................................................................................................349 12.1 传递句柄....................................................................................................................................................................349 12.1.1 别名问题.............................................................................................................................................................. 349 12.2 制作本地副本...........................................................................................................................................................351 12.2.1 按值传递.............................................................................................................................................................. 351 12.2.2 克隆对象.............................................................................................................................................................. 352 12.2.3 使类具有克隆能力............................................................................................................................................ 353 12.2.4 成功的克隆......................................................................................................................................................... 353 12.2.5 Object.clone()的效果........................................................................................................................................ 355 12.2.6 克隆合成对象..................................................................................................................................................... 356 12.2.7 用Vector 进行深层复制................................................................................................................................... 358 12.2.8 通过序列化进行深层复制............................................................................................................................... 359 12.2.9 使克隆具有更大的深度.................................................................................................................................... 361 12.2.10 为什么有这个奇怪的设计............................................................................................................................. 362 12.3 克隆的控制................................................................................................................................................................363 12.3.1 副本构建器......................................................................................................................................................... 366 12.4 只读类........................................................................................................................................................................369 12.4.1 创建只读类......................................................................................................................................................... 370 12.4.2 “一成不变”的弊端........................................................................................................................................ 371 12.4.3 不变字串.............................................................................................................................................................. 373 12.4.4 String 和StringBuffer 类.................................................................................................................................. 374 12.4.5 字串的特殊性..................................................................................................................................................... 376 12.5 总结.............................................................................................................................................................................376 12.6 练习.............................................................................................................................................................................376 第十三 章创建窗口和程序片 ..............................................................................................................................................378 13.1 为何要用AWT ？......................................................................................................................................................378 23 13.2 基本程序片................................................................................................................................................................379 13.2.1 程序片的测试..................................................................................................................................................... 380 13.2.2 一个更图形化的例子........................................................................................................................................ 381 13.2.3 框架方法的演示.................................................................................................................................................381 13.3 制作按钮....................................................................................................................................................................382 13.4 捕获事件....................................................................................................................................................................382 13.5 文本字段....................................................................................................................................................................384 13.6 文本区域....................................................................................................................................................................385 13.7 标签.............................................................................................................................................................................386 13.8 复选框........................................................................................................................................................................387 13.9 单选钮........................................................................................................................................................................388 13.10 下拉列表..................................................................................................................................................................389 13.11 列表框......................................................................................................................................................................390 13.11.1 handleEvent() .................................................................................................................................................... 391 13.12 布局的控制.............................................................................................................................................................393 13.12.1 FlowLayout....................................................................................................................................................... 393 13.12.2 BorderLayout .................................................................................................................................................... 393 13.12.3 GridLayout........................................................................................................................................................ 394 13.12.4 CardLayout........................................................................................................................................................ 394 13.12.5 GridBagLayout.................................................................................................................................................396 13.13 action 的替代品......................................................................................................................................................396 13.14 程序片的局限.........................................................................................................................................................400 13.14.1 程序片的优点................................................................................................................................................... 401 13.15 视窗化应用.............................................................................................................................................................401 13.15.1 菜单.................................................................................................................................................................... 401 13.15.2 对话框................................................................................................................................................................ 404 13.16 新型AWT ................................................................................................................................................................. 408 13.16.1 新的事件模型................................................................................................................................................... 409 13.16.2 事件和接收者类型.......................................................................................................................................... 410 13.16.3 用Java 1.1 AWT制作窗口和程序片.......................................................................................................... 414 13.16.4 再研究一下以前的例子................................................................................................................................. 416 13.16.5 动态绑定事件................................................................................................................................................... 431 13.16.6 将事务逻辑与UI 逻辑区分开...................................................................................................................... 433 13.16.7 推荐编码方法................................................................................................................................................... 435 13.17 Java 1.1 用户接口API..........................................................................................................................................448 13.17.1 桌面颜色........................................................................................................................................................... 448 13.17.2 打印.................................................................................................................................................................... 448 13.17.3 剪贴板................................................................................................................................................................ 454 13.18 可视编程和Beans.................................................................................................................................................456 13.18.1 什么是Bean...................................................................................................................................................... 457 13.18.2 用Introspector 提取BeanInfo....................................................................................................................... 458 13.18.3 一个更复杂的Bean ........................................................................................................................................ 463 13.18.4 Bean 的封装...................................................................................................................................................... 465 13.18.5 更复杂的Bean 支持........................................................................................................................................ 466 13.18.6 Bean 更多的知识............................................................................................................................................. 466 13.19 Swing 入门（注释⑦）.........................................................................................................................................467 13.19.1 Swing 有哪些优点........................................................................................................................................... 467 13.19.2 方便的转换....................................................................................................................................................... 467 13.19.3 显示框架........................................................................................................................................................... 468 13.19.4 工具提示..................................................................

2011-11-19

图书管理系统(JavaSwing)
javaSwing的入门之作

2008-04-12

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