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Table of Contents 1.0 Performance Monitoring Introduction ......................................................... 7 1.1 Determining Application Type ................................................................................... 7 1.2 Determining Baseline Statistics ................................................................................ 8 2.0 Installing Monitoring Tools ........................................................................... 8 3.0 Introducing the CPU ...................................................................................... 9 3.1 Context Switches ...................................................................................................... 9 3.2 The Run Queue ...................................................................................................... 10 3.3 CPU Utilization ........................................................................................................ 10 4.0 CPU Performance Monitoring .................................................................... 10 4.1 Using the vmstat Utility ........................................................................................... 11 4.2 Case Study: Sustained CPU Utilization .................................................................. 12 4.3 Case Study: Overloaded Scheduler ....................................................................... 12 4.4 Using the mpstat Utility ........................................................................................... 13 4.5 Case Study: Underutilized Process Load ............................................................... 13 4.6 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 15 5.0 Introducing Virtual Memory ........................................................................ 16 5.1 Virtual Memory Pages ............................................................................................ 16 5.2 Kernel Memory Paging ........................................................................................... 16 5.3 The Page Frame Reclaim Algorithm (PFRA) ......................................................... 16 5.4 kswapd ................................................................................................................... 16 5.5 Kernel Paging with pdflush ..................................................................................... 17 5.6 Case Study: Large Inbound I/O .............................................................................. 18 5.7 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 19 6.0 Introducing I/O Monitoring ......................................................................... 20 6.1 Reading and Writing Data - Memory Pages ........................................................... 20 6.2 Major and Minor Page Faults .................................................................................. 20